The schizophrenia syndrome, circa 2024: What we know and how that informs its nature

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 1 - 28

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Disturbed Oligodendroglial Maturation Causes Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A New Hypothesis

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 1614 - 1624

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract Background and Hypothesis Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of schizophrenia, but no effective treatment available to date. The underlying pathophysiology includes disconnectivity between hippocampal prefrontal brain regions. Supporting evidence comes from diffusion-weighted imaging studies that suggest abnormal organization frontotemporal white matter pathways in schizophrenia. Study Design Here, we hypothesize deficient maturation oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes substantially contributes macro- micro-connectivity subsequent cognitive deficits. Results Our postmortem indicate reduced number the cornu ammonis 4 (CA4) subregion hippocampus, others have reported same histopathological finding dorsolateral cortex. series on aerobic exercise training showed volume increase specifically CA4 region, improved cognition individuals with effects were subsequently confirmed by meta-analyses. Cell-specific schizophrenia polygenic risk scores exercise-induced significantly correlates OPCs. From animal models, it evident early life stress oligodendrocyte-related gene variants lead schizophrenia-related behavior, deficits, impaired maturation, myelin thickness. Conclusions Based these findings, propose pro-myelinating drugs (e.g., histamine blocker clemastine) combined may foster regeneration plasticity as basis for restoring connectivity

Language: Английский

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Identifying the differentially expressed peripheral blood microRNAs in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 17, 2024

Background Evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders (PDs), but results remain inconclusive. We aimed to identify specific differentially expressed miRNAs and their overlapping miRNA expression profiles schizophrenia (SZ), major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD), three PDs. Methods The literatures up September 30, 2023 related peripheral blood PDs were searched screened from multiple databases. differences levels between groups illustrated by standardized mean difference (SMD) 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results In total, 30 included meta-analysis, including 16 for SZ, 12 MDD, 2 BD, each was reported more than 3 independent studies. Compared with control group, miR-181b-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-206, miR-92a-3p miR-137-3p upregulated while miR-134-5p, miR-107 miR-99b-5p downregulated. miR-124-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-34a-5p miR-93-5p upregulated, miR-144-5p miR-135a-5p However, we failed statistically BD. Interestingly, miR-132-3p both SZ MDD. Conclusions Our study identified 13 9 among which MDD systematically analyzing qualified These be used as potential biomarkers diagnosis future. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO , identifier CRD42023486982.

Language: Английский

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Plasma miRNAs as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia in a Jordanian cohort

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 350 - 358

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ), a complex and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1 % of the general population, presents diagnostic challenges due to absence reliable biomarkers, relying mainly on clinical observations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) signatures in wide range diseases, including psychiatric disorders, hold immense potential for serving as biomarkers. This study aimed analyze expression levels specific microRNAs namely miR-29b-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-199a-3p explore their SZ Jordanian patients. Small RNAs were extracted from plasma samples 30 patients 35 healthy controls. RNA was reverse transcribed quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The three miRNAs (miR-29b-3p, miR-106b-5p miR-199a-3p) analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis performed evaluate value these miRNAs. Target genes prediction, functional enrichment pathway analyses done using miRWalk Metascape. STRING database used construct protein-protein network identify hub genes. Notably, significantly upregulated (p < 0.0001), while miRNA-29b-3p downregulated 0.0001) compared assessed through ROC curves, revealing substantial (AUC: 0.979) followed 0.774), with limited efficacy miR-29b-3p. Additionally, bioinformatic predicted target diagnostically significant uncovered Gene Ontology (GO) terms related neurological development, morphogenesis, which is involved neuron differentiation, brain head projection morphogenesis. These findings highlight connection between identified pathophysiology studied population. Furthermore, interaction association development deepens our comprehension molecular landscape regulated comprehensive exploration highlights promising role unraveling intricate pathways associated cohort suggests that could serve biomarkers diagnosis disease progression. Remarkably, this represents first investigation into circulating miRNA among SZ, providing valuable insights disorder.

Language: Английский

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Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of miRNA employing polyhedral gold plasmonic nanoparticles in conjunction with DNA cascade amplification strategy

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137320 - 137320

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Potential of extracellular vesicle cargo as molecular signals in Schizophrenia: a scoping review

Schizophrenia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract The diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ) primarily relies on clinical history and mental status assessments by trained professionals. There has been a search for biomarkers to facilitate laboratory diagnosis. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) communicate with brain cells can easily cross blood-brain barrier, there is increased interest among experts explore them as potential molecular signals disease detection. A scoping review was conducted provide comprehensive summary the existing literature identify differentially expressed in EVs isolated from SCZ patients. methodological framework outline provided Arksey O’Malley employed conduct this review. systematic using string across four databases, ultimately leading selection 24 relevant studies. Over 1122 biomolecules were identified extracted biological fluids tissues that be categorized RNAs, proteins, metabolites. Among them, 83 validated signals, which included metabolites, circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, proteins. These found affect cellular receptors intracellular pathways, neurotransmitters, mitochondrial functions, immune-related metabolic could serve

Language: Английский

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miRNA-Based Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Using Machine Learning

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 2280 - 2280

Published: March 4, 2025

Diagnostic practices for schizophrenia are unreliable due to the lack of a stable biomarker. However, machine learning holds promise in aiding diagnosis and other neurological disorders. Dysregulated miRNAs were extracted from public sources. Datasets selected literature random with designated gene targets along related pathways assigned as descriptors machine-learning models. These data preprocessed classified using WEKA TensorFlow, several classifiers tested train model. The Sequential neural network developed by authors performed best tested, achieving an accuracy 94.32%. Naïve Bayes was next model, 72.23%. MLP achieved 65.91%, followed Hoeffding tree 64.77%, Random 63.64%, forest, which 61.36%, lastly ADABoostM1, 53.41%. classifier validate model they highest accuracy. validation 72.22%, whereas sequential 88.88%. Our results demonstrate practicality psychiatric diagnosis. miRNA combined can serve diagnostic aid physicians potentially disorders well.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics factors in schizophrenia: future directions for etiologic and therapeutic study approaches

Annals of General Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 4, 2025

Schizophrenia is a complex, heterogeneous, and highly disabling severe mental disorder whose pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Epigenetics, as bridge between genetic environmental factors, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Over past decade, epigenetic-wide association studies have rapidly become branch psychiatric research, especially deciphering molecular mechanisms This review systematically analyzes recent advances epigenome-wide (EWAS) schizophrenia, focusing on technological developments. We synthesize findings from large-scale EWAS alongside emerging evidence DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, regulatory networks, emphasizing their roles disease treatment responses. In addition, this provides prospective outlook, evaluating impact that developments may future With continuous advancement high-throughput sequencing technology increasing maturity big data analysis methods, epigenetics expected to significant early diagnosis, prognosis assessment even personalized

Language: Английский

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Dysregulation of miRNAs in Schizophrenia in an Egyptian Patient Population

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, including miRNA dysregulation. This study explored the diagnostic therapeutic potential of miRNAs in SZ, focusing on seven key miRNAs: miR-137-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-432-5p, miR-130b-3p, miR-346, miR-195-5p, miR-103a-3p. Results revealed significant dysregulation miR-103a-3p, highlighting their relevance to SZ pathology. Upregulation miR-137-3p correlated with enhanced cognitive performance, as evidenced improved scores Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Trail Making B (TMT-B). Conversely, miR-195-5p miR-346 were strongly associated processing speed, while miR-103a-3p downregulation was linked reduced conceptual flexibility. Cluster analyses demonstrated that expression levels varied significantly based antipsychotic treatment receptor targeting, suggesting regulatory effects medication. Importantly, measured PBMCs, feasibility non-invasive biomarkers. The underscores value miRNAs, offering promising avenue for early detection personalized interventions SZ. Future research should validate these findings across diverse cohorts investigate miRNA-based strategies. By integrating profiling into clinical practice, this provides foundation advancing precision medicine management.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of schizophrenia and influence of antipsychotic treatment

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 1523 - 1531

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Abstract Characterized by positive symptoms (such as changes in behavior or thoughts, including delusions and hallucinations), negative apathy, anhedonia, social withdrawal), cognitive impairments, schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, disabling mental disorder with late adolescence early adulthood onset. Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia, but those currently use do not fully reverse all three types of characterizing this condition. Schizophrenia frequently misdiagnosed, resulting delay inappropriate treatment. Abnormal expression microRNAs connected brain development disease could provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis schizophrenia. The recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling blood- urine-based materials nervous tissue materials. From that had validated preliminary findings, potential candidate adults be miR-22-3p, -30e-5p, -92a-3p, -148b-5p, -181a-3p, -181a-5p, -181b-5p, -199b-5p, -137 whole blood, miR-130b, -193a-3p blood plasma. Antipsychotic treatment patients was found modulate certain -193a-3p, -132, -195, -30e, -432 Further warranted adolescents young having consideration should given using animal models investigate effect suppressing overexpressing specific microRNAs.

Language: Английский

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