The
role
of
striatal
pathways
in
cognitive
processing
is
unclear.
We
studied
dorsomedial
during
interval
timing,
an
elementary
task
that
requires
mice
to
estimate
intervals
several
seconds
and
involves
working
memory
for
temporal
rules
as
well
attention
the
passage
time.
harnessed
optogenetic
tagging
record
from
D2-
dopamine
receptor-expressing
medium
spiny
neurons
(D2-MSNs)
indirect
pathway
D1-dopamine
MSNs
(D1-MSNs)
direct
pathway.
found
D2-MSNs
D1-MSNs
exhibited
distinct
dynamics
over
quantified
by
principal
component
analyses
trial-by-trial
generalized
linear
models.
MSN
recordings
helped
construct
constrain
a
four-parameter
drift-diffusion
computational
model
which
ensemble
activity
represented
accumulation
evidence.
This
predicted
disrupting
either
or
would
increase
timing
response
times
alter
firing.
In
line
with
this
prediction,
we
inhibition
pharmacological
disruption
increased
times.
Pharmacologically
also
changed
degraded
decoding.
Together,
our
findings
demonstrate
had
opposing
yet
played
complementary
roles,
implying
work
together
shape
control
action.
These
data
provide
novel
insight
into
basal
ganglia
operations
beyond
movement
have
implications
human
diseases
therapies
targeting
pathways.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(10)
Published: March 6, 2024
Why
do
humans
spontaneously
dance
to
music?
To
test
the
hypothesis
that
motor
dynamics
reflect
predictive
timing
during
music
listening,
we
created
melodies
with
varying
degrees
of
rhythmic
predictability
(syncopation)
and
asked
participants
rate
their
wanting-to-move
(groove)
experience.
Degree
syncopation
groove
ratings
are
quadratically
correlated.
Magnetoencephalography
data
showed
that,
while
auditory
regions
track
rhythm
melodies,
beat-related
2-hertz
activity
neural
at
delta
(1.4
hertz)
beta
(20
30
rates
in
dorsal
pathway
code
for
experience
groove.
Critically,
left
sensorimotor
cortex
coordinates
these
groove-related
activities.
These
findings
align
predictions
a
neurodynamic
model,
suggesting
oscillatory
engagement
listening
reflects
is
effected
by
interaction
along
pathway.
The
role
of
striatal
pathways
in
cognitive
processing
is
unclear.
We
studied
dorsomedial
during
interval
timing,
an
elementary
task
that
requires
mice
to
estimate
intervals
several
seconds
and
involves
working
memory
for
temporal
rules
as
well
attention
the
passage
time.
harnessed
optogenetic
tagging
record
from
D2-dopamine
receptor-expressing
medium
spiny
neurons
(D2-MSNs)
indirect
pathway
D1-dopamine
MSNs
(D1-MSNs)
direct
pathway.
found
D2-MSNs
D1-MSNs
exhibited
distinct
dynamics
over
quantified
by
principal
component
analyses
trial-by-trial
generalized
linear
models.
MSN
recordings
helped
construct
constrain
a
four-parameter
drift-diffusion
computational
model
which
ensemble
activity
represented
accumulation
evidence.
This
predicted
disrupting
either
or
would
increase
timing
response
times
alter
firing.
In
line
with
this
prediction,
we
inhibition
pharmacological
disruption
increased
times.
Pharmacologically
also
changed
degraded
decoding.
Together,
our
findings
demonstrate
had
opposing
yet
played
complementary
roles,
implying
work
together
shape
control
action.
These
data
provide
novel
insight
into
basal
ganglia
operations
beyond
movement
have
implications
human
diseases
therapies
targeting
pathways.
Information
processing
for
interval
timing
is
supported
by
several
brain
regions,
including
the
hippocampus,
basal
ganglia,
and
frontal
cortical
areas.
However,
little
known
about
mechanism
which
temporal
information
processed
cooperatively
in
distributed
network.
Here,
we
investigated
neuronal
of
hippocampal
CA1,
dorsal
striatum,
orbitofrontal
cortex
simultaneously
recording
activity
during
a
bisection
task.
We
found
time
cells
representing
elapsed
period
across
all
three
regions.
Seeking
potential
correlative
representation
time,
that
theta
oscillations
were
dominant
these
areas
modulated
cells.
Moreover,
synchronization
cell
pairs
was
also
regulated
oscillations.
Taken
together,
results
demonstrated
presence
synchronous
on
fine
scale,
In
addition,
decoding
analysis
revealed
correlated
with
rats’
decisions
based
their
internal
estimation,
decoded
showing
correlations
Thus,
cooperative
time-cell
assemblies
regions
reflected
recognition
rats.
conclusion,
demonstrate
pivotal
role
supporting
Information
processing
for
interval
timing
is
supported
by
several
brain
regions,
including
the
hippocampus,
basal
ganglia,
and
frontal
cortical
areas.
However,
little
known
about
mechanism
which
temporal
information
processed
cooperatively
in
distributed
network.
Here,
we
investigated
neuronal
of
hippocampal
CA1,
dorsal
striatum,
orbitofrontal
cortex
simultaneously
recording
activity
during
a
bisection
task.
We
found
time
cells
representing
elapsed
period
across
all
three
regions.
Seeking
potential
correlative
representation
time,
that
theta
oscillations
were
dominant
these
areas
modulated
cells.
Moreover,
synchronization
cell
pairs
was
also
regulated
oscillations.
Taken
together,
results
demonstrated
presence
synchronous
on
fine
scale,
In
addition,
decoding
analysis
revealed
correlated
with
rats’
decisions
based
their
internal
estimation,
decoded
showing
correlations
Thus,
cooperative
time-cell
assemblies
regions
reflected
recognition
rats.
conclusion,
demonstrate
pivotal
role
supporting
Abstract
Cannabinoids
have
traditionally
been
associated
with
motor
and
cognitive
impairments,
including
slowness
of
movement
altered
temporal
perception.
However,
it
remains
unclear
whether
cannabinoids
specifically
affect
the
perception
and/or
production
intervals.
To
explore
these
possibilities,
we
evaluated
effects
systemic
administrations
synthetic
cannabinoid
CP55940
on
behavioral
performance
in
male
rats
trained
three
distinct
paradigms
designed
to
assess
time
interval
production.
Systemic
administration
caused
overestimation
a
fixed-interval
task,
which
was
primarily
linked
impaired
elapsed
range
tens
seconds.
In
contrast,
while
same
treatment
increased
forelimb
reach
duration
two-interval
task
(in
hundreds
milliseconds
range),
were
more
accurately
attributed
general
reduction
speed
rather
than
processing.
These
findings
further
confirmed
third
where
animals
executed
complex
timed
sequence
spatiotemporal
constraints
running
treadmill.
Here,
slowed
locomotion
but
did
not
disrupt
timing.
Our
results
demonstrate
that,
addition
inducing
slowing,
impairs
preserves
production,
suggesting
underlying
mechanisms
for
two
processes.
Topics in Cognitive Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 29, 2025
Abstract
Many
core
human
activities
require
an
understanding
of
time.
To
coordinate
rituals,
plan
harvests
and
hunts,
recall
histories,
keep
appointments,
follow
recipes,
we
need
to
grapple
with
invisible
temporal
structures
like
durations,
sequences,
cycles.
No
other
species
seems
do
this.
But
it
is
not
a
capacity
humans
have
because
developed
special
neural
equipment
over
biological
evolution.
We
concepts,
practices,
artifacts
help
us—in
short,
time
tools
.
The
overarching
function
such
that
they
render
more
concrete:
identify
structure
in
the
flow
experience
make
available
senses.
By
concretizing
this
way,
these
serve
range
practical
purposes,
from
tallying
measuring,
coordinating
predicting,
remembering
reasoning.
Beyond
their
utility,
further
consequences,
too:
reverberate
through
cognition
culture,
ultimately
reshape
our
what
is.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
292(2044)
Published: April 1, 2025
The
motor
system
is
known
to
process
temporal
information,
and
moving
rhythmically
while
listening
a
melody
can
improve
auditory
processing.
In
three
interrelated
behavioural
experiments,
we
demonstrate
that
this
effect
translates
speech
Motor
priming
improves
the
efficiency
of
subsequent
naturalistic
speech-in-noise
processing
under
specific
conditions.
(i)
Moving
at
lexical
rate
(~1.8
Hz)
significantly
compared
other
rates,
such
as
phrasal
or
syllabic
rates.
(ii)
impact
rhythmic
not
influenced
by
whether
it
self-generated
triggered
an
beat.
(iii)
Overt
vocalization,
regardless
its
semantic
content,
also
enhances
These
findings
provide
evidence
for
functional
role
in
dynamics
speech.
