Abstract
Depression
(major
depressive
disorder)
is
widely
recognised
as
a
major
public
health
problem
around
the
world.
The
mainstay
of
treatment
prescription
antidepressants,
although
psychological
treatments
have
place
first‐line
alternative
to
antidepressants
in
milder
and
moderate
forms
depression.
This
chapter
concentrates
on
use
offers
advice
drug
choice,
dosing,
switching
strategies
sequencing
treatments.
near
exclusion
other
non‐drug
modalities
does
not
imply
any
lack
confidence
their
efficacy
but
simply
reflects
need
(in
prescribing
guideline)
concentrate
medicines‐related
subjects.
Antidepressants
are
number
anxiety
spectrum
disorders.
Use
selective
serotonin
reuptake
inhibitors
(SSRIs)
preoperative
period
has
been
associated
with
20%
increase
inpatient
mortality,
patient
factors
rather
than
could
be
excluded
cause.
Neurophysiologie Clinique,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
55(2), P. 103055 - 103055
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Neuropathic
pain
is
a
global
health
concern
due
to
its
severity
and
detrimental
impact
on
patients'
quality
of
life.
It
primarily
characterized
by
sensory
alterations,
most
commonly
hyperalgesia
allodynia.
As
the
disease
progresses,
patients
with
neuropathic
develop
co-occurring
emotional
disorders,
such
as
anxiety
depression,
which
further
complicate
therapeutic
management.
While
pharmacotherapy
remains
first-line
treatment,
limitations
in
efficacy
prevalence
side
effects
often
leave
insufficient
relief.
Transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS),
non-invasive
brain
technique,
has
recently
emerged
promising
alternative
for
chronic
This
review
provides
an
overview
preclinical
studies
examining
tDCS
rodent
models
pain.
specifically
highlights
potential
modulate
emotional-affective
component
pain,
focus
identifying
optimal
cortical
targets
enhance
translational
application
managing
pain-related
disorders.
Journal of Psychiatric Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
184, P. 256 - 261
Published: March 6, 2025
Repetitive
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
is
a
non-invasive
therapy
for
treatment-resistant
disorders.
Intermittent
theta-burst
(iTBS)
has
emerged
as
favorite
treatment
protocol
the
of
resistant
depression,
with
tendency
to
administer
an
increasing
number
pulses/session
(p/s).
We
retrospectively
analyzed
records
215
in-
and
out-patients,
suffering
from
unipolar
or
bipolar
depressive
disorder
in
German
tertiary
care
hospital
between
January
2021
September
2024.
All
patients
received
left
prefrontal
iTBS
either
600
(n
=
68),
1200
67)
1800
80)
p/s
over
course
15-20
days.
Depressive
symptoms
were
assessed
21-item
Hamilton
Depression
Rating
Scale
(HAMD-21)
Major
Inventory
(MDI)
before
at
end
respective
treatment.
Side
effects
quantified
by
reporting
side
effect
least
one
rTMS
sessions.
In
all
groups,
HAMD-21
MDI
scores
improved
significantly.
There
was
no
significant
difference
three
groups
(HAMD-21:
p
.198,
MDI:
.281).
Further,
this
result
equally
applies
men
women
(all
p's
>
.145).
No
serious
occurred.
Patients
who
treated
reported
most
effects.
Our
retrospective
analysis
suggests
that
increase
does
not
more
pronounced
antidepressant
International Journal of Bipolar Disorders,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Aug. 20, 2024
Current
treatments
for
bipolar
depression
have
limited
effectiveness,
tolerability
and
acceptability.
Transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
is
a
novel
non-invasive
brain
method
that
has
demonstrated
treatment
efficacy
major
depressive
episodes.
tDCS
portable,
safe,
individuals
like
having
sessions
at
home.
We
developed
home-based
protocol
with
real-time
remote
supervision.
In
the
present
study,
we
examined
clinical
outcomes,
acceptability
feasibility
of
in
depression.
International Journal of Bipolar Disorders,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: March 17, 2025
Abstract
Bipolar
depression
is
commonly
accompanied
by
cognitive
impairments.
Transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
emerging
as
a
novel
non-invasive
treatment
for
bipolar
depression.
Given
the
portability
and
safety
of
tDCS,
we
developed
home-based
protocol
with
real-time
supervision.
Our
aim
was
to
assess
effects
course
tDCS
in
44
participants
(31
women,
mean
age
47.27
years,
SD
12.89)
at
least
moderate
severity
received
21
sessions
over
6
weeks
an
open-label
design.
The
involved
2
mA
bilateral
frontal
montage
(F3
anode,
F4
cathode)
30
min
per
session.
Cognitive
assessments
were
conducted
baseline
after
treatment:
Rey
Auditory
Verbal
Learning
Test
(RAVLT)
verbal
learning
memory
Symbol
Digit
Modalities
(SDMT)
psychomotor
processing
speed
visuospatial
attention.
93.18%
(n
=
41)
completed
RAVLT
59.09%
26)
SDMT.
A
significant
improvement
observed
score
post-treatment
(
p
0.002),
which
not
maintained
following
adjustment
depressive
symptoms.
In
summary,
associated
learning,
appeared
be
related
These
findings
suggest
potential
benefits
addressing
impairments
depression,
can
investigated
further
sham-controlled
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 15, 2025
AbstractBackground:
Acceptability
is
a
multifaceted
concept
that
reflects
how
treatment
viewed,
which
impacts
on
patient
engagement,
adherence,
and
provider
implementation.
Transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
emerging
as
novel
non-invasive
for
bipolar
depression.
We
developed
home-based
protocol
tDCS
has
demonstrated
efficacy
in
unipolar
sought
to
explore
the
acceptability
of
Methods:
Participants
were
35
(26
women)
with
disorder
(mean
age
47.37
years,
SD
±
13.78)
depressive
episode
at
least
moderate
severity.
was
provided
bifrontal
montage
2
mA
30
minutes
sessions
over
6
weeks
real-time
supervision.
assessed
questionnaire
individual
interviews,
conducted
two
timepoints:
baseline
post
treatment.
Individual
interviews
analysed
by
thematic
analysis.
Results:
Six
main
themes
found:
helpfulness,
side
effects,
burden,
gratitude,
ethicality
comparison
medications.
The
gratitude
medications
this
group
compared
Conclusion:
Themes
reflected
high
depression
indicated
strong
interest
treatments
population.
Qualitative
analysis
can
provide
insights
into
experiences,
understanding
barriers
treatment,
offer
guidance
improving
clinical
treatments.
Trial
registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov:
NCT05436613
registered
23
June
2022
https//www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05436613.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 30, 2025
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)
applies
electromagnetic
pulses
to
stimulate
cortical
neurons.
The
antidepressant
effect
of
the
repetitive
application
TMS
(rTMS)
was
first
shown
nearly
three
decades
ago.
therapeutic
potential
has
been
extensively
investigated,
mostly
in
treatment-resistant
depression
(TRD).
Studies
have
evaluated
parameters,
treatment
schedules,
methods
localize
target,
and
different
coil
designs
engineered
for
desired
breadth
depth.
Several
these
protocols
coils/devices
received
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
clearance
TRD
other
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
such
as
obsessive-compulsive
disorder.
Some
protocols,
while
not
FDA-cleared,
substantial
clinical
trial-derived
evidence
support
their
safety
efficacy.
proliferation
rTMS
translational
research
resulted
field's
advancement.
This
clinician-oriented
review
contains
an
overview
fundamental
principles,
physiological
effects,
studies
TRD.
Also
discussed
are
two
innovations
that
increasingly
applied
clinic:
theta
burst
accelerated
scheduling.
A
synthesis
key
considerations
given
patient
assessment
safety,
setup,
minimization
management
adverse
effects
is
provided.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 28, 2024
Abstract
Current
treatments
for
bipolar
depression
have
limited
effectiveness,
tolerability
and
acceptability.
Transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
is
a
novel
non-invasive
brain
method
that
has
demonstrated
treatment
efficacy
major
depressive
episodes.
tDCS
portable,
safe,
individuals
like
having
sessions
at
home.
We
developed
home-based
protocol
with
real-time
remote
supervision.
In
the
present
study,
we
examined
clinical
outcomes,
acceptability
feasibility
of
in
depression.
Participants
were
44
disorder
(31
women),
mean
age
47.27
+
12.89
years,
episode
moderate
to
severe
severity
(mean
Montgomery-Åsberg
Depression
Rating
Scale
(MADRS)
score
24.59
2.64).
was
provided
bilateral
frontal
montage,
F3
anode,
F4
cathode,
2mA,
30
minutes,
6-week
trial,
total
21
sessions.
maintained
their
(psychotherapy,
antidepressant
or
mood
stabilising
medication)
being
medication-free.
A
researcher
by
video
call
each
session.
93.2%
participants
(n=41)
completed
treatment.
There
significant
improvement
symptoms
following
MADRS
8.77
5.37),
rate
response
77.3%
(MADRS
<=50%
from
baseline),
remission
47.7%
rating
<=9).
Acceptability
endorsed
as
“very
acceptable”
“quite
all
participants.
No
mania
hypomania.
Due
open-label
design,
findings
are
preliminary.
summary,
supervision
associated
improvements
high
