Cortical excitability and the aging brain: toward a biomarker of cognitive resilience

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

This perspective article addresses the potential use of cortical excitability (CE) as an indicator cognitive health in aging people. Changes CE may be considered a sign resilience to decline old age. The authors describe research on and its link function older adults emphasize that it is promising, non-invasive measure healthy aging. They also address current challenges implementation, need for standardized measurement protocols possible future avenues research. If properly considered, could pave way early detection facilitate targeted interventions promote resilience.

Language: Английский

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Examining Specific Theory-of-Mind Aspects in Amnestic and Non-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Their Relationships with Sleep Duration and Cognitive Planning

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 57 - 57

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Background/Objectives: The study examined the relationships between specific Theory-of-Mind (ToM) dimensions, cognitive planning, and sleep duration in aging adults. Methods: sample included 179 participants, comprising 46 cognitively healthy individuals, 75 diagnosed with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), 58 non-amnestic (naMCI). mean age of participants was 70.23 years (SD = 4.74), a educational attainment 12.35 3.22) gender distribution 53 men 126 women. ToM assessment tasks measuring understanding interpretation non-literal speech, proverbs metaphors, as well an emotion-recognition test. For Tower Test utilized. Sleep measured using actigraphy. Results: We identified significant differences various tasks' performance groups, particularly speech third-order stories. HC group consistently outperformed both MCI groups these tasks, aMCI showing higher than naMCI. Mediation analysis applied to examine potential direct indirect effects on indicated that total time had through planning-mainly rule violation score-on aspects. Hence, besides pathologies especially naMCI, seems also be associated via executive functioning decrements. Conclusions: findings underscore social implications deficits due and/or decrease, naMCI older adults, they can seriously impair their interactions. Targeted interventions could improve emotional understanding, communication, overall quality life.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell and Exosome Therapies in Treating Cognitive Impairment

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 284 - 284

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Cognitive aging, characterized by the gradual decline in cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, significantly impacts daily life. This is often accelerated neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Parkinson’s (PD). AD marked accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques tau tangles, whereas PD involves degeneration dopaminergic neurons. Both conditions lead to severe impairment, greatly diminishing quality life for affected individuals. Recent advancements regenerative medicine have highlighted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) their derived exosomes promising therapeutic options. MSCs possess regenerative, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory properties, which can promote neurogenesis, reduce inflammation, support neuronal health. Exosomes, nanosized vesicles from MSCs, provide an efficient means delivering bioactive molecules across blood–brain barrier, targeting underlying pathologies PD. While these therapies hold great promise, challenges variability MSC sources, optimal dosing, effective delivery methods need be addressed clinical application. The development robust protocols, along with rigorous trials, crucial validating safety efficacy exosome therapies. Future research should focus on overcoming barriers, optimizing treatment strategies, exploring integration lifestyle interventions. By addressing challenges, MSC- exosome-based could offer transformative solutions improving outcomes enhancing individuals aging diseases.

Language: Английский

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Brain Dynamics Alterations Induced by Partial Sleep Deprivation: An Energy Landscape Study

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121108 - 121108

Published: March 1, 2025

Partial sleep deprivation (PSD) alters neural activity of intrinsic brain networks involved in cognitive functions. However, the age-related time-varying properties large-scale functional after PSD remain unknown. Our study applied energy landscape analysis to resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data characterize dominant patterns 36 healthy young (19 females, 23.53 ± 2.36 years) and 33 older (18 68.81 2.41 adults full (FS) PSD. Dynamic these patterns, including appearance probability, duration transitions, were then calculated. Finally, a 105 steps numerical simulation was performed on each landscape. We found that landscapes younger groups had similar hierarchical structures, two major states minor states. The showed complementary spontaneous activation patterns. But has altered temporal evolution participants, manifested by significantly higher frequency direct transitions between than FS. These changes not significant participants. Additionally, weaker segregation modules assigned during FS group. further demonstrated such abnormal network coordination associated with atypical dynamics behaviors. findings suggested low-dimensional restricted dynamic provided new insight into understand effects

Language: Английский

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Latent class cluster analysis to capture language profiles in the acute phase post-stroke

Aphasiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 20

Published: April 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effect sizes of APOE e4 on the same general cognitive ability test taken by the same people from age 11 to age 90: The Lothian Birth Cohorts 1921 and 1936

Published: May 7, 2025

Variation in the gene for apolipoprotein E (APOE) is one of few variables that associated with individual differences age-related cognitive decline humans. Therefore, it important to understand conditions affect strength its effect. Here we examine how effect size APOE variation (possession or more e4 alleles) on a test general ability changes age from 11 90 years. The data are Lothian Birth Cohorts 1936 and 1921 who took same (the Moray House Test) at, respectively, 11, 70, 73, 79, 87, 90. standardised absolute was about zero at ages (beta < 0.05) 70 ≤ 0.025) increased linearly beta = 0.30 (p 0.001) sizes were minimally affected by adjusting medical (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke). However, results less robust removing those participants had developed dementia; reduced third half, largely non-significant. suggest negative functioning becomes greater age; this urges work mechanisms which status renders older person’s brain increasingly vulnerable dementia.

Language: Английский

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Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation with cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older adults: a secondary analysis from the ACT trial

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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