Pharmacology & Therapeutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 108846 - 108846
Published: April 1, 2025
Class
B
G
protein-coupled
receptors
(GPCRs)
are
a
subfamily
of
15
peptide
hormone
with
diverse
roles
in
physiological
functions
and
disease
pathogenesis.
Over
the
past
decade,
several
novel
therapeutics
targeting
these
have
been
approved
for
conditions
like
migraine,
diabetes,
obesity,
many
which
ground-breaking
first-in-class.
Most
agonist
analogues
modified
endogenous
sequences
to
enhance
receptor
activation
or
stability.
Several
small
molecule
monoclonal
antibody
antagonists
also
late-stage
development.
Differences
sequence
structure
therapeutic
ligands
lead
distinct
signalling
profiles,
including
biased
behaviour
inhibition
specific
pathways.
Understanding
this
pharmacology
offers
unique
development
opportunities
improving
efficacy
reducing
adverse
effects.
This
review
summarises
current
knowledge
on
ligand
bias
class
GPCR
drugs,
highlights
strategies
refine
exploit
their
pharmacological
discusses
key
considerations
related
structure,
localisation,
regulation
developing
new
therapies.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: May 30, 2025
Anxiety
and
depression
represent
two
of
the
most
prevalent
mental
disorders
worldwide,
with
current
pharmacotherapies
often
limited
by
adverse
effects
treatment
resistance.
Consequently,
research
into
natural
products
for
health
interventions
has
attracted
growing
scientific
interest.
Quercetin,
a
bioactive
flavonoid
ubiquitously
present
in
plant-derived
flowers,
fruits,
dietary
sources,
exhibits
diverse
pharmacological
properties,
including
antioxidant,
anxiolytic,
antidepressant
activities.
This
review
systematically
summarizes
fundamental
characteristics
quercetin,
focusing
on
its
core
molecular
mechanisms
alleviating
anxiety-
depression-like
behaviors,
preclinical
evidence
from
experimental
models,
landscape
clinical
investigations.
By
critically
analyzing
therapeutic
advantages,
translational
challenges,
emerging
priorities,
this
synthesis
aims
to
offer
theoretical
foundation
development
quercetin-based
formulations
their
implementation
mood
disorder
management.
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(12)
Published: Dec. 24, 2024
The
coexistence
of
anxiety
or
depression
with
coronary
heart
disease
(CHD)
is
a
significant
clinical
challenge
in
cardiovascular
medicine.
Recent
studies
have
indicated
that
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
activity
could
be
promising
focus
understanding
and
addressing
the
development
treatments
for
comorbid
CHD
depression.
HPA
helps
to
regulate
levels
inflammatory
factors,
thereby
reducing
oxidative
stress
damage,
promoting
platelet
activation,
stabilizing
gut
microbiota,
which
enhance
survival
regeneration
neurons,
endothelial
cells,
other
cell
types,
leading
neuroprotective
cardioprotective
benefits.
This
review
addresses
relevance
nervous
systems,
as
well
latest
research
advancements
regarding
its
mechanisms
action.
discussion
includes
detailed
function
regulating
processes
mentioned.
Above
all,
it
summarizes
therapeutic
potential
biomarker
atherosclerotic
combined
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 27, 2024
Phoenixin
(PNX)
is
an
emerging
neuropeptide
that
plays
a
significant
role
in
regulating
metabolism
and
reproduction.
This
comprehensive
review
examines
findings
from
human,
vivo
,
vitro
studies
to
elucidate
the
functions
of
PNX
metabolic
processes.
has
been
identified
as
key
player
essential
pathways,
including
energy
homeostasis,
glucose,
lipid
electrolyte
metabolism,
mitochondrial
dynamics.
It
modulates
food
fluid
intake,
influences
glucose
profiles,
affects
biogenesis
function.
abundantly
expressed
hypothalamus,
where
it
crucial
reproductive
hormone
secretion
maintaining
balance.
Furthermore,
also
peripheral
tissues
such
heart,
spleen,
pancreas,
indicating
its
involvement
regulation
across
central
systems.
therapeutic
peptide
operates
through
G
protein-coupled
receptor
173
(GPR173)
at
molecular
level.
activates
signaling
pathways
cAMP-protein
kinase
A
(PKA)
Epac-ERK,
which
are
for
regulation.
Research
suggests
may
be
effective
managing
disorders
like
obesity
type
2
diabetes,
well
health
issues
infertility.
Since
processes
closely
linked
reproduction,
further
understanding
PNX’s
these
areas
necessary
develop
management/treatments.
aims
highlight
identify
gaps
current
knowledge
regarding
impact
on
human
health.
Understanding
mechanisms
action
development
novel
strategies
treatment
issues,
public
concerns
globally.
