Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
35(32), P. 11209 - 11220
Published: Aug. 12, 2015
In
decision
making,
dorsal
and
ventral
medial
prefrontal
cortex
show
a
sensitivity
to
key
variables,
such
as
reward
prediction
errors.
It
is
unclear
whether
these
signals
reflect
parallel
processing
of
common
synchronous
input
both
regions,
for
example
from
mesocortical
dopamine,
or
separate
consecutive
stages
in
processing.
These
two
perspectives
make
distinct
predictions
about
the
relative
timing
feedback-related
activity
each
question
we
address
here.
To
reconstruct
unique
temporal
contribution
dorsomedial
(dmPFC)
ventromedial
(vmPFC)
simultaneously
measured
EEG
human
subjects,
developed
novel
trialwise
fMRI-informed
analysis
that
allows
dissociating
correlated
overlapping
sources.
We
vmPFC
uniquely
contributes
sustained
activation
profile
shortly
after
outcome
presentation,
whereas
dmPFC
later
more
peaked
pattern.
This
dissociation
expressed
mainly
alpha
band
signal,
which
contrasts
with
theta
based
signal.
Thus,
our
data
reward-related
responses
have
time
courses
spectral
profiles,
findings
support
functional
roles
reward-processing
network.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Multiple
subregions
are
known
be
involved
making
learning,
expose
similar
response
patterns
fMRI.
Here,
used
approach
analyzing
simultaneous
EEG-fMRI
dissociate
individual
brain
regions.
find
distinguishable
time-frequency
patterns.
Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
55(3)
Published: Oct. 17, 2017
Abstract
Cognitive
control
(with
the
closely
related
concepts
of
attention
and
executive
function)
encompasses
collection
processes
that
are
involved
in
generating
maintaining
appropriate
task
goals
suppressing
no
longer
relevant,
as
well
way
which
current
goal
representations
used
to
modify
attentional
biases
improve
performance.
Here,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
but
nonexhaustive
review
this
complex
literature,
with
an
emphasis
on
contributions
made
by
techniques
for
studying
human
brain
function.
The
is
divided
into
five
sections:
(a)
overview
historical
perspective
cognitive
control,
its
subcomponent
processes,
neural
substrate;
(b)
most
common
types
tasks
assess
and/or
manipulate
level
control;
(c)
main
research
findings
obtained
various
imaging
methodologies,
focus
ERP
data,
briefer
overviews
oscillatory
(event‐related
spectral
perturbations)
fMRI
data;
(d)
major
theories
(e)
discussion
open
questions
regarding
how
integrate
dimensions
faster
versus
slower
temporal
dynamics
informing
multifaceted
concept.
Psychological Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
50(6), P. 894 - 919
Published: March 27, 2020
Abstract
Background
People
with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
and
autism
spectrum
(ASD)
have
abnormalities
in
frontal,
temporal,
parietal
striato-thalamic
networks.
It
is
unclear
to
what
extent
these
are
distinctive
or
shared.
This
comparative
meta-analysis
aimed
identify
the
most
consistent
disorder-differentiating
shared
structural
functional
abnormalities.
Methods
Systematic
literature
search
was
conducted
for
whole-brain
voxel-based
morphometry
(VBM)
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
studies
of
cognitive
control
comparing
people
ASD
ADHD
typically
developing
controls.
Regional
gray
matter
volume
(GMV)
fMRI
during
were
compared
overall
sample
age-,
sex-
IQ-matched
subgroups
seed-based
d
mapping
meta-analytic
methods.
Results
Eighty-six
independent
VBM
(1533
1295
controls;
1445
1477
controls)
60
datasets
(1001
1004
335
353
identified.
The
meta-analyses
revealed
ADHD-differentiating
decreased
ventromedial
orbitofrontal
(
z
=
2.22,
p
<
0.0001)
but
ASD-differentiating
increased
bilateral
temporal
right
dorsolateral
prefrontal
GMV
s
⩾
1.64,
⩽
0.002).
medial
underactivation
overactivation
ventrolateral
cortices
precuneus
1.04,
0.003).
During
motor
response
inhibition
specifically,
relative
showed
inferior
fronto-striatal
1.14,
0.003)
anterior
insula
underactivation.
Conclusions
mostly
distinct
abnormalities,
enlarged
fronto-temporal
reduced
ADHD;
which
more
pronounced
ASD.
Performance
monitoring
is
a
key
cognitive
function,
allowing
to
detect
mistakes
and
adapt
future
behavior.
Post-decisional
neural
signals
have
been
identified
that
are
sensitive
decision
accuracy,
confidence
subsequent
adaptation.
Here,
we
review
recent
work
supports
an
understanding
of
late
error/confidence
in
terms
the
computational
process
post-decisional
evidence
accumulation.
We
argue
error
positivity,
positive-going
centro-parietal
potential
measured
through
scalp
electrophysiology,
reflects
accumulation
itself,
which
follows
boundary
crossing
event
corresponding
initial
commitment.
This
proposal
provides
powerful
explanation
for
both
morphological
characteristics
signal
its
relation
various
expressions
performance
monitoring.
Moreover,
it
suggests
positivity
-a
with
thus
far
unique
properties
neuroscience
-
can
be
leveraged
furnish
new
insights
into
inputs
to,
adaptation,
consequences
process.
