Development and Psychopathology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
31(3), P. 847 - 857
Published: April 24, 2019
Abstract
Maltreatment
increases
risk
for
psychopathology
in
childhood
and
adulthood,
thus
identifying
mechanisms
that
influence
these
associations
is
necessary
future
prevention
intervention.
Emotion
dysregulation
resulting
from
maltreatment
one
potentially
powerful
mechanism
explaining
psychopathology.
This
study
tests
a
conceptual
model
distinguishes
deprivation
threat
as
distinct
forms
of
exposure
with
different
pathways
to
Here
we
operationalize
physical
and/or
sexual
abuse
neglect.
We
test
the
hypothesis
differentially
predict
use
avoidant
strategies
total
regulation.
Data
were
drawn
Longitudinal
Studies
on
Child
Abuse
Neglect
(LONGSCAN
study;
N
=
866),
which
followed
high-risk
children
age
4
18.
At
6,
their
parents
reported
adversity
exposure.
Case
records
documented
18,
adolescents
regulation
Regression
analyses
indicated
greater
threat,
but
not
deprivation,
predicted
adolescence.
Moreover,
avoidance
partially
mediated
longitudinal
association
between
early
symptoms
internalizing
Results
suggest
neglect
strategy
predicts
Developmental Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
25(5)
Published: Jan. 4, 2022
Abstract
Childhood
socioeconomic
status
(SES)
is
related
to
disparities
in
the
development
of
both
language
and
executive
functioning
(EF)
skills.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
may
precede
provide
necessary
scaffolding
for
EF
early
childhood.
The
present
preregistered
study
investigates
how
these
skills
co‐develop
longitudinally
childhood
whether
explains
relationship
between
SES
development.
A
socioeconomically
diverse
sample
305
children
completed
repeated
assessments
(sentence
comprehension)
(cognitive
flexibility,
behavioral
inhibition,
cognitive
inhibition)
at
four
waves
spaced
9
months
apart
from
ages
3
5
years.
Bivariate
latent
curve
models
with
structured
residuals
were
estimated
disaggregate
between‐person
within‐person
components
stability
change.
Results
revealed
bidirectional
relationships
across
all
waves.
However,
years,
comprehension
more
strongly
predicted
than
reverse;
yet
by
effects
domains
did
not
significantly
differ.
Children
higher‐SES
backgrounds
exhibited
higher
initial
lower‐SES
families,
though
was
associated
either
rate
growth.
Finally,
language‐mediated
association
skills,
this
model
outperformed
a
reverse
direction
mediation.
Together,
results
suggest
driven
development,
are
explained,
least
part,
differences
comprehension.
These
findings
have
implications
interventions
support
children's
as
potential
pathway
improving
JAMA Network Open,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(6), P. e2320276 - e2320276
Published: June 27, 2023
Importance
Lower
neighborhood
and
household
socioeconomic
status
(SES)
are
associated
with
negative
health
outcomes
altered
brain
structure
in
children.
It
is
unclear
whether
such
findings
extend
to
white
matter
via
what
mechanisms.
Objective
To
assess
how
SES
independently
children’s
microstructure
examine
obesity
cognitive
performance
(reflecting
environmental
sensory
stimulation)
plausible
mediators.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
cross-sectional
study
used
baseline
data
from
participants
the
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
(ABCD)
study.
Data
were
collected
at
21
US
sites,
school-based
recruitment
was
represent
population.
Children
aged
9
11
years
their
parents
or
caregivers
completed
assessments
between
October
1,
2016,
31,
2018.
After
exclusions,
8842
of
875
children
ABCD
included
analyses.
analysis
conducted
July
December
19,
2022.
Exposures
Neighborhood
disadvantage
derived
area
deprivation
indices
participants’
primary
residence.
Household
factors
total
income
highest
parental
educational
attainment.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
A
restriction
spectrum
imaging
(RSI)
model
quantify
restricted
normalized
directional
(RND;
reflecting
oriented
myelin
organization)
isotropic
(RNI;
glial
neuronal
cell
bodies)
diffusion
31
major
tracts.
The
RSI
measurements
scanner
harmonized.
Obesity
assessed
through
body
mass
index
(BMI;
calculated
as
weight
kilograms
divided
by
height
meters
squared),
age-
sex-adjusted
BMI
z
scores,
waist
circumference,
cognition
National
Institutes
Health
Toolbox
Cognition
Battery.
Analyses
adjusted
for
age,
sex,
pubertal
development
stage,
intracranial
volume,
mean
head
motion,
twin
siblingship.
Results
Among
children,
4543
(51.4%)
boys,
(SD)
age
9.9
(0.7)
years.
Linear
mixed-effects
models
revealed
that
greater
lower
RSI-RND
left
superior
longitudinal
fasciculus
(β
=
−0.055;
95%
CI,
−0.081
−0.028)
forceps
−0.040;
−0.067
−0.013).
attainment
bilateral
(eg,
right
hemisphere:
β
0.053;
0.025-0.080)
corticospinal
pyramidal
tract
0.042;
0.015-0.069).
Structural
equation
score
higher
disadvantage:
−0.012;
−0.016
−0.009)
−0.004;
−0.006
−0.001)
partially
accounted
associations
RSI-RND.
RSI-RNI
most
tracts
inferior
fasciculus:
−0.042
[95%
−0.073
−0.012];
anterior
thalamic
radiations:
−0.045
−0.075
−0.014]),
had
similar
primarily
frontolimbic
fornix:
0.046
0.019-0.074];
0.045
0.018-0.072]).
−0.048;
−0.077
−0.020).
Greater
these
0.015;
0.011-0.020).
Findings
robust
sensitivity
analyses
corroborated
using
tensor
imaging.
Conclusions
Relevance
In
this
study,
both
contexts
suggested
possible
mediators
associations.
Future
research
on
may
benefit
considering
multiple
perspectives.
Developmental Review,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
73, P. 101135 - 101135
Published: June 12, 2024
Early
environmental
experiences
influence
children's
cognitive
and
neural
development.
In
particular,
stimulation,
defined
as
inputs
that
engage
the
senses
provide
learning
opportunities
for
children,
fosters
acquisition
of
knowledge
across
various
domains.
Low
levels
stimulation
in
early
life
may
restrict
opportunities,
contributing
to
lasting
consequences
development
later
academic
occupational
achievement.
This
review
delves
into
role
related
performance,
available
tools
measuring
settings,
offers
insights
future
research
directions.
addition,
variability
often
linked
differences
socioeconomic
status,
create
disparities
access
enriching
foundation
learning.
We
therefore
briefly
status
also
leverage
evidence
from
intervention
studies
illustrate
importance
outcomes.
Investigating
on
brain
behavior
is
crucial
developing
effective
strategies
foster
healthy
all
children
unlocking
their
full
potential.
Development and Psychopathology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
31(3), P. 847 - 857
Published: April 24, 2019
Abstract
Maltreatment
increases
risk
for
psychopathology
in
childhood
and
adulthood,
thus
identifying
mechanisms
that
influence
these
associations
is
necessary
future
prevention
intervention.
Emotion
dysregulation
resulting
from
maltreatment
one
potentially
powerful
mechanism
explaining
psychopathology.
This
study
tests
a
conceptual
model
distinguishes
deprivation
threat
as
distinct
forms
of
exposure
with
different
pathways
to
Here
we
operationalize
physical
and/or
sexual
abuse
neglect.
We
test
the
hypothesis
differentially
predict
use
avoidant
strategies
total
regulation.
Data
were
drawn
Longitudinal
Studies
on
Child
Abuse
Neglect
(LONGSCAN
study;
N
=
866),
which
followed
high-risk
children
age
4
18.
At
6,
their
parents
reported
adversity
exposure.
Case
records
documented
18,
adolescents
regulation
Regression
analyses
indicated
greater
threat,
but
not
deprivation,
predicted
adolescence.
Moreover,
avoidance
partially
mediated
longitudinal
association
between
early
symptoms
internalizing
Results
suggest
neglect
strategy
predicts
