From Neurons to Language and Speech: An Overview DOI
Mirko Grimaldi,

Cosimo Iaia

Neuromethods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 27

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

In this chapter, we describe some of the basic principles human brain functionality, focusing on language and speech processes. After discussing structure neurons their communication system, delineate functional anatomical organization brain. We can think organ as a building with multiple floors, built at different times, where whole architecture makes sense because interconnections floors. The lower parts represent older structures (the cerebellum, thalamus, limbic basal ganglia), while upper are more recent cerebral cortex): it contains than any other performs exceptional cognitive functions thanks to continuous bottom-up top-down neural connections. way, frontal, temporal, parietal cortices were synchronized each other—through groups (bundles) devoted task—and all together ganglia, cerebellum. Thereby, symbolic thought, higher consciousness emerged. From perspective, discuss also how archaic (as ganglia cerebellum) re-functionalized in order mediate processing result complex ascending/descending pathways. Finally, theoretical models that try capture linguistic briefly outlined, future perspectives investigation challenges addressed.

Language: Английский

Language network lateralization is reflected throughout the macroscale functional organization of cortex DOI Creative Commons
Loïc Labache, Tian Ge, B.T. Thomas Yeo

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 9, 2023

Hemispheric specialization is a fundamental feature of human brain organization. However, it not yet clear to what extent the lateralization specific cognitive processes may be evident throughout broad functional architecture cortex. While majority people exhibit left-hemispheric language dominance, substantial minority population shows reverse lateralization. Using twin and family data from Human Connectome Project, we provide evidence that atypical dominance associated with global shifts in cortical Individuals organization corresponding hemispheric differences macroscale gradients situate discrete large-scale networks along continuous spectrum, extending unimodal through association territories. Analyses reveal both gradient asymmetries are, part, driven by genetic factors. These findings pave way for deeper understanding origins relationships linking population-level variability properties

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Modeling the neurocognitive dynamics of language across the lifespan DOI Creative Commons
Clément Guichet, Sonja Banjac, Sophie Achard

et al.

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(5)

Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract Healthy aging is associated with a heterogeneous decline across cognitive functions, typically observed between language comprehension and production (LP). Examining resting‐state fMRI neuropsychological data from 628 healthy adults (age 18–88) the CamCAN cohort, we performed state‐of‐the‐art graph theoretical analysis to uncover neural mechanisms underlying this variability. At level, our findings suggest that LP not an isolated function but modulated throughout lifespan by extent of inter‐cognitive synergy semantic domain‐general processes. cerebral show default mode network (DMN) suppression coupled fronto‐parietal (FPN) integration way for brain compensate effects dedifferentiation at minimal cost, efficiently mitigating age‐related in LP. Relatedly, reduced DMN midlife could compromise ability manage cost FPN integration. This may prompt older adopt more cost‐efficient compensatory strategy maintains global homeostasis expense performances. Taken together, propose represents critical neurocognitive juncture signifies onset decline, as gradually lose control over representations. We summarize novel synergistic, economical, nonlinear, emergent, model, integrating connectomic dimensions within complex system perspective.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Unveiling the hemispheric specialization of language: Organization and neuroplasticity DOI
Sonja Banjac, Monica Baciu

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 351 - 365

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Finding the Words: How Does the Aging Brain Process Language? A Focused Review of Brain Connectivity and Compensatory Pathways DOI Creative Commons
Monica Baciu, Élise Roger

Topics in Cognitive Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2024

Abstract As people age, there is a natural decline in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the relationship between function cognition older adults neither straightforward nor uniform. Instead, it complex, influenced by multiple factors, can vary considerably from one person to another. Reserve, compensation, maintenance mechanisms may help explain why some maintain high levels of performance while others struggle. These are often studied concerning memory executive functions that particularly sensitive effects aging. language abilities also be affected with changes production fluency. The impact on needs further investigated understand dynamics patterns aging, especially successful We previously modeled several compensatory profiles lexical access/retrieval aging within Lexical Access Retrieval Aging (LARA) model. In present paper, we propose an extended version LARA model, called LARA‐Connectivity (LARA‐C), incorporating recent evidence connectivity. Finally, discuss factors influence strategies implemented LARA‐C model serve as framework individual open avenues for possible personalized interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
When Age Tips the Balance: a Dual Mechanism Affecting Hemispheric Specialization for Language DOI Creative Commons
Élise Roger, Loïc Labache,

Noah Hamlin

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Aging engenders neuroadaptations, generally reducing specificity and selectivity in functional brain responses. Our investigation delves into the specialization of hemispheres within language-related networks across adulthood. In a cohort 728 healthy adults spanning ages 18 to 88, we modeled trajectories inter-hemispheric asymmetry concerning principal gradient 37 homotopic regions interest (hROIs) an extensive language network, known as Language-and-Memory Network. findings reveal that over two-thirds Network hROIs undergo changes with age, falling two main clusters. The first cluster evolves from left-sided right-sided tendencies, while second transitions left-hemisphere dominance. These reversed shifts manifest around midlife, occurring after age 50, are associated poorer production performance. results provide valuable insights influence asymmetries on proficiency present dynamic perspective plasticity during typical aging process.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Bayesian stroke modeling details sex biases in the white matter substrates of aphasia DOI Creative Commons
Julius M. Kernbach, Gesa Hartwigsen, Jae‐Sung Lim

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 31, 2023

Abstract Ischemic cerebrovascular events often lead to aphasia. Previous work provided hints that such strokes may affect women and men in distinct ways. Women tend suffer with more disabling language impairment, even if the lesion size is comparable men. In 1401 patients, we isolate data-led representations of anatomical patterns hand-tailor a Bayesian analytical solution carefully model degree sex divergence predicting outcomes ~3 months after stroke. We locate lesion-outcome effects left-dominant network highlight ventral pathway as core focus across different tests performance. provide detailed evidence for sex-specific brain-behavior associations domain-general networks associated cortico-subcortical pathways, unique contributions fornix cingular fiber bundles Our collective findings suggest diverging white matter substrates how stroke causes deficits Clinically acknowledging disparities has potential improve personalized treatment patients worldwide.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Unveiling the neuroplastic capacity of the bilingual brain: insights from healthy and pathological individuals DOI Creative Commons
Ileana Quiñones, Sandra Gisbert‐Muñoz, Lucía Amoruso

et al.

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 229(9), P. 2187 - 2205

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Abstract Research on the neural imprint of dual-language experience, crucial for understanding how brain processes dominant and non-dominant languages, remains inconclusive. Conflicting evidence suggests either similarity or distinction in processing, with implications bilingual patients tumors. Preserving functions after surgery requires considering pre-diagnosis neuroplastic changes. Here, we combine univariate multivariate fMRI methodologies to test a group healthy Spanish-Basque bilinguals gliomas affecting language-dominant hemisphere while they overtly produced sentences their language. Findings from participants revealed presence shared system both also identifying regions distinct language-dependent activation lateralization patterns. Specifically, language engaged more left-lateralized network, speech production relied recruitment bilateral basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit. Notably, based patterns, were able robustly decode (AUC: 0.80 ± 0.18) being used. Conversely, exhibited patterns languages. For language, such as cerebellum, thalamus, caudate acted concert sparsely activated language-specific nodes. In case default mode network was notably prominent. These results demonstrate compensatory engagement non-language-specific networks preservation production, even face pathological conditions. Overall, our findings underscore pervasive impact experience functional (re)organization, health disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Clinical recommendations for conducting pediatric functional language and memory mapping during the phase I epilepsy presurgical workup DOI
Alyssa Ailion,

Priscilla Duong,

Moshe Maiman

et al.

The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 1060 - 1084

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Pediatric epilepsy surgery effectively controls seizures but may risk cognitive, language, or memory decline. Historically, the intra-carotid anesthetic procedure (IAP Wada Test) was pivotal for language and function. However, advancements in noninvasive mapping, notably functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have transformed clinical practice, reducing IAP's role presurgical evaluations.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Individual differences in the language task-evoked and resting-state functional networks DOI Creative Commons
Xin Liu, Yang Liu

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

The resting state functional network is highly variable across individuals. However, inter-individual differences in networks evoked by language tasks and their comparison with are still unclear. To address these two questions, we used T1 anatomical data brain imaging of a story comprehension task from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to characterize variability investigate uniqueness both states. We first demonstrated that intrinsic task-induced exhibited remarkable individuals, can constrain network. Furthermore, found states was broadly consistent spatially heterogeneous, high-level association areas manifesting more significant than primary visual processing areas. Our results suggested underlying unique at individual level, architecture state.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Unveiling the neuroplastic capacity of the bilingual brain: Insights from healthy and pathological individuals DOI Creative Commons
Ileana Quiñones, Sandra Gisbert‐Muñoz, Lucía Amoruso

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract Research on the neural imprint of dual-language experience, crucial for understanding how brain processes first (L1) and second language (L2), remains inconclusive. Conflicting evidence suggests either similarity or distinction in processing, with implications bilingual patients tumors. Preserving functions after surgery requires considering pre-diagnosis neuroplastic changes. Here, we combine univariate multivariate fMRI methodologies to test a group healthy Spanish-Basque bilinguals gliomas affecting language-dominant hemisphere while they overtly produced sentences their L1 L2. Findings from participants revealed presence shared system L2, also identifying regions distinct language-dependent activation lateralization patterns. Specifically, engaged more left-lateralized network, L2 production relied recruitment bilateral basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit. Notably, based patterns, were able robustly decode (AUC: 0.86 ± 0.18) being used. Conversely, exhibited patterns both For L1, such as cerebellum, thalamus, caudate acted concert sparsely activated language-specific nodes. In case default mode network was notably prominent. These results demonstrate compensatory engagement non-language-specific networks preservation speech production, even face pathological conditions. Overall, our findings underscore pervasive impact experience functional (re)organization, health disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

0