The Balance in the Head: How Developmental Factors Explain Relationships Between Brain Asymmetries and Mental Diseases

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 169 - 169

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Cerebral lateralisation is a core organising principle of the brain that characterised by complex pattern hemispheric specialisations and interhemispheric interactions. In various mental disorders, functional and/or structural asymmetries are changed compared to healthy controls, these alterations may contribute primary symptoms cognitive impairments specific disorder. Since multiple genetic epigenetic factors influence both pathogenesis illness development asymmetries, it likely neural developmental pathways overlap or even causally intertwined, although timing, magnitude, direction interactions vary depending on However, underlying steps neuronal mechanisms still unclear. this review article, we briefly summarise what know about structural, functional, relationships outline hypothetical connections, which could be investigated in appropriate animal models. Altered cerebral features disorder, as trigger neuropathogenesis embedded asymmetrical organisation developing brain. Therefore, occurrence severity processing cognition probably cannot understood independently lateralised intra- networks. Conversely, impaired cellular processes can also hinder favourable asymmetry lead deficits particular.

Language: Английский

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EEG Abnormalities and Phenotypic Correlates in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Single-Center Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 529 - 529

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Background: The literature suggests the existence of an association between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and subclinical electroencephalographic abnormalities (SEAs), which show a heterogeneous prevalence rate (12.5–60.7%) within pediatric ASD population. aim this study was to investigate EEG findings in cohort preschoolers their correlation with phenotypic characteristics. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on 141 evaluated tertiary care university hospital over period 2008–2018. All participants underwent at least one standard polygraphic electroencephalogram (EEG) clinical multidisciplinary assessment standardized instruments. Results: 77 patients (55%) showed SEAs, were mainly represented by epileptiform discharges (p < 0.00001), especially focal multifocal = 0.010). Abnormal 0.035) 0.014) associated seizure onset predominant sleep 0.00001). Patients abnormal tracing 0.031) slow 0.001) significantly younger. severity not found be correlated results, potential, albeit non-significant, some psychometric parameters. Very similar results when divided according sex. Conclusions: appear correlate more internalizing, externalizing emotional comorbidities, rather than core symptoms; larger samples are needed further association.

Language: Английский

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Latent dimensions of brain asymmetry

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 37 - 45

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Disruption of structural connectome hierarchy in age-related hearing loss

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 17, 2025

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common sensory disability among older adults and considered risk factor for the development of dementia. Previous work has shown altered brain connectome topology in ARHL, including abnormal nodal strength clustering coefficient. However, whether ARHL affects hierarchical organization structural how these alterations relate to transcriptomic signatures remain unknown. Here, we apply gradient mapping framework derived from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. We focus on first three gradients that reflect distinct connectome, assess ARHL-related changes. find that, compared controls, patients exhibit widespread disruptions organization, spanning primary areas (e.g., somatomotor network) high-order association default mode network). Subsequently, by employing subcortical-weighted weighting cortical subcortical-cortical connectivity, observe show significantly connectivity left caudate, nucleus accumbens, right hippocampus, amygdala. Finally, investigate relationship between gene expression gradients. are associated with weighted profiles, relevant genes preferentially enriched inorganic ion transmembrane transport terms related regulating biological processes. Taken together, findings highlight hierarchy reveal relevance abnormalities, contributing richer understanding neurobiological substrates ARHL.

Language: Английский

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Visual mental imagery abilities in autism

Autism Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 2064 - 2078

Published: July 11, 2024

In autistic individuals, the role, performance, and autonomy of perceptual functioning are atypical. Overlapping underlying mechanisms perception mental imagery predict that abilities individuals should differ from those non‐autistic individuals. While enhanced to manipulate images have been demonstrated in autism, other stages (generation, maintenance, inspection) remain be explored. Forty‐four adults 42 typical participants performed four tasks assess different imagery: Image generation task (mentally generating a letter on grid indicating whether it passes over probe located grid), Visual pattern test (maintaining visual patterns memory), scanning (inspecting images) Mental rotation manipulating representations geometric figures). image test, equivalently, both accuracy response time. The span observed was significantly higher group, better maintenance images. times were influenced by distance mentally inspect group but not group. Autistic equally fast regardless inspect. Preserved, greater or differently line with an atypical possibly reflecting increased weight perception‐based information relatively top‐down effect knowledge language‐based influence.

Language: Английский

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Shifts in structural connectome organization in the limbic and sensory systems of patients with episodic migraine

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: June 11, 2024

Abstract Migraine is a complex neurological condition characterized by recurrent headaches, which often accompanied various symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) powerful tool for investigating whole-brain connectivity patterns; however, systematic assessment of structural connectome organization has rarely been performed. In the present study, we aimed to examine changes in patients with episodic migraines using diffusion MRI. First, computed MRI tractography, after applied dimensionality reduction techniques and generated three low-dimensional eigenvectors. We subsequently calculated manifold eccentricity, defined as Euclidean distance between each data point center space. then compared eccentricity healthy controls, revealing significant between-group differences orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, sensory/motor regions. Between-group subcortico-cortical further revealed amygdala, accumbens, caudate nuclei. Finally, supervised machine learning effectively classified controls cortical subcortical features, highlighting importance sensory cortices, addition caudate, distinguishing groups. Our findings confirmed that migraine related limbic systems, suggesting its potential utility diagnostic marker migraine.

Language: Английский

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Spherical-deconvolution Informed Filtering of Tractograms Changes Laterality of Structural Connectome

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 120904 - 120904

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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