Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
7(6), P. a020628 - a020628
Published: April 15, 2015
Hemali
Phatnani
and
Tom
Maniatis
Columbia
University
Medical
Center,
Department
of
Biochemistry
Molecular
Biophysics,
New
York,
York
10032
Correspondence:
tm2472{at}columbia.edu
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
15, P. 490 - 503
Published: Feb. 3, 2018
The
human
brain
consumes
20%
of
the
total
basal
oxygen
(O2)
budget
to
support
ATP
intensive
neuronal
activity.
Without
sufficient
O2
demands,
activity
fails,
such
that,
even
transient
ischemia
is
neurodegenerative.
While
essentiality
function
clear,
how
oxidative
stress
causes
neurodegeneration
ambiguous.
Ambiguity
exists
because
many
reasons
why
susceptible
remain
obscure.
Many
are
erroneously
understood
as
deleterious
result
adventitious
derived
free
radical
and
non-radical
species
generation.
To
understand
underpin
stress,
one
must
first
re-cast
in
a
positive
light
their
deliberate
generation
enables
achieve
critical
functions
(e.g.
synaptic
plasticity)
through
redox
signalling
(i.e.
functionality).
Using
radicals
derivatives
signal
sensitises
when
goes
awry
negative
advance
mechanistic
understanding,
we
rationalise
13
stress.
Key
include
inter
alia
unsaturated
lipid
enrichment,
mitochondria,
calcium,
glutamate,
modest
antioxidant
defence,
active
transition
metals
neurotransmitter
auto-oxidation.
We
review
RNA
oxidation
an
underappreciated
cause
complex
interplay
between
each
reason
dictates
susceptibility
dynamic
context
neural
identity
dependent
manner.
Our
discourse
sets
stage
for
investigators
interrogate
biochemical
basis
health
disease.
Cell,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
186(4), P. 693 - 714
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Summary
Decades
of
research
have
identified
genetic
factors
and
biochemical
pathways
involved
in
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs).
We
present
evidence
for
the
following
eight
hallmarks
NDD:
pathological
protein
aggregation,
synaptic
neuronal
network
dysfunction,
aberrant
proteostasis,
cytoskeletal
abnormalities,
altered
energy
homeostasis,
DNA
RNA
defects,
inflammation,
cell
death.
describe
hallmarks,
their
biomarkers,
interactions
as
a
framework
to
study
NDDs
using
holistic
approach.
The
can
serve
basis
defining
pathogenic
mechanisms,
categorizing
different
based
on
primary
stratifying
patients
within
specific
NDD,
designing
multi-targeted,
personalized
therapies
effectively
halt
NDDs.