Sleep Medicine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
62, P. 101592 - 101592
Published: Jan. 21, 2022
Five
decades
ago,
seminal
studies
positioned
the
brainstem
locus
coeruleus
(LC)
norepinephrine
(NE)
system
as
a
key
substrate
for
regulation
of
wakefulness
and
sleep,
this
picture
has
recently
been
elaborated
thanks
to
methodological
advances
in
precise
investigation
experimental
modulation
LC
structure
functions.
This
review
presents
discusses
findings
that
support
major
role
LC-NE
at
different
levels
sleep-wake
organization,
ranging
from
its
involvement
overall
architecture
cycle
associations
with
sleep
microstructure,
while
accounting
intricate
neuroanatomy
surrounding
LC.
Given
particular
position
held
by
being
intersection
dysregulation
initial
pathophysiological
processes
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
we
conclude
examining
emerging
opportunities
investigate
mediated
relationships
between
alteration
AD
human
aging.
We
further
propose
several
research
perspectives
could
promising
target
identification
at-risk
individuals
preclinical
stages
AD,
development
novel
preventive
interventions.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
99(3), P. 1325 - 1380
Published: March 28, 2019
Sleep
and
immunity
are
bidirectionally
linked.
Immune
system
activation
alters
sleep,
sleep
in
turn
affects
the
innate
adaptive
arm
of
our
body’s
defense
system.
Stimulation
immune
by
microbial
challenges
triggers
an
inflammatory
response,
which,
depending
on
its
magnitude
time
course,
can
induce
increase
duration
intensity,
but
also
a
disruption
sleep.
Enhancement
during
infection
is
assumed
to
feedback
promote
host
defense.
Indeed,
various
parameters,
associated
with
reduced
risk,
improve
outcome
vaccination
responses.
The
induction
hormonal
constellation
that
supports
functions
one
likely
mechanism
underlying
immune-supporting
effects
In
absence
infectious
challenge,
appears
homeostasis
through
several
mediators,
such
as
cytokines.
This
notion
supported
findings
prolonged
deficiency
(e.g.,
short
duration,
disturbance)
lead
chronic,
systemic
low-grade
inflammation
diseases
have
component,
like
diabetes,
atherosclerosis,
neurodegeneration.
Here,
we
review
available
data
this
regulatory
sleep-immune
crosstalk,
point
out
methodological
challenges,
suggest
questions
open
for
future
research.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
102(2), P. 1025 - 1151
Published: May 5, 2021
The
brain
harbors
a
unique
ability
to,
figuratively
speaking,
shift
its
gears.
During
wakefulness,
the
is
geared
fully
toward
processing
information
and
behaving,
while
homeostatic
functions
predominate
during
sleep.
blood-brain
barrier
establishes
stable
environment
that
optimal
for
neuronal
function,
yet
imposes
physiological
problem;
transcapillary
filtration
forms
extracellular
fluid
in
other
organs
reduced
to
minimum
brain.
Consequently,
depends
on
special
[the
cerebrospinal
(CSF)]
flushed
into
along
perivascular
spaces
created
by
astrocytic
vascular
endfeet.
We
describe
this
pathway,
coined
term
glymphatic
system,
based
dependency
endfeet
their
adluminal
expression
of
aquaporin-4
water
channels
facing
CSF-filled
spaces.
Glymphatic
clearance
potentially
harmful
metabolic
or
protein
waste
products,
such
as
amyloid-β,
primarily
active
sleep,
when
drivers,
cardiac
cycle,
respiration,
slow
vasomotion,
together
efficiently
propel
CSF
inflow
periarterial
brain's
space
contains
an
abundance
proteoglycans
hyaluronan,
which
provide
low-resistance
hydraulic
conduit
rapidly
can
expand
shrink
sleep-wake
cycle.
system
brain,
meets
requisites
maintain
homeostasis
similar
peripheral
organs,
considering
blood-brain-barrier
paths
formation
egress
CSF.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
70(2), P. 197 - 245
Published: Feb. 27, 2018
Although
the
GABAergic
benzodiazepines
(BZDs)
and
Z-drugs
(zolpidem,
zopiclone,
zaleplon)
are
FDA-approved
for
insomnia
disorders
with
a
strong
evidence
base,
they
have
many
side
effects,
including
cognitive
impairment,
tolerance,
rebound
upon
discontinuation,
car
accidents/falls,
abuse,
dependence
liability.
Consequently,
clinical
use
of
off-label
drugs
novel
that
do
not
target
system
is
increasing.
The
purpose
this
review
to
analyze
neurobiological
pharmacological
treatments
insomnia,
excluding
BZDs
Z-drugs.
We
analyzed
melatonergic
agonist
drugs,
agomelatine,
prolonged-release
melatonin,
ramelteon,
tasimelteon;
dual
orexin
receptor
antagonist
suvorexant;
modulators
α2δ
subunit
voltage-sensitive
calcium
channels,
gabapentin
pregabalin;
H1
antagonist,
low-dose
doxepin;
histamine
serotonin
antagonists,
amitriptyline,
mirtazapine,
trazodone,
olanzapine,
quetiapine.
pharmacology
mechanism
action
these
evidence-base
in
practice
outlined
along
pipelines.
There
recommend
suvorexant
doxepin
sleep
maintenance
insomnia;
there
also
sufficient
ramelteon
onset
insomnia.
limited
quetiapine,
pregabalin,
gabapentin,
olanzapine
as
disorder,
may
improve
while
successfully
treating
comorbid
disorders,
different
effect
profile
than
unique
each
drug
allows
more
personalized
targeted
medical
management
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Dec. 3, 2018
Abstract
Analysis
of
sleep
for
the
diagnosis
disorders
such
as
Type-1
Narcolepsy
(T1N)
currently
requires
visual
inspection
polysomnography
records
by
trained
scoring
technicians.
Here,
we
used
neural
networks
in
approximately
3,000
normal
and
abnormal
recordings
to
automate
stage
scoring,
producing
a
hypnodensity
graph—a
probability
distribution
conveying
more
information
than
classical
hypnograms.
Accuracy
was
validated
70
subjects
assessed
six
scorers.
The
best
model
performed
better
any
individual
scorer
(87%
versus
consensus).
It
also
reliably
scores
down
5
s
instead
30
epochs.
A
T1N
marker
based
on
unusual
overlaps
achieved
specificity
96%
sensitivity
91%,
independent
datasets.
Addition
HLA-DQB1*06:02
typing
increased
99%.
Our
method
can
reduce
time
spent
clinics
automates
diagnosis.
opens
possibility
diagnosing
using
home
studies.
