A Circadian Clock in the Blood-Brain Barrier Regulates Xenobiotic Efflux

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 173(1), P. 130 - 139.e10

Published: March 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes and Aging

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 26, 2018

By 2050, the aging population is predicted to expand by over 100%. Considering this rapid growth, and additional strain it will place on healthcare resources because of age-related impairments, vital that researchers gain a deeper understanding cellular interactions occur with normal aging. A variety mammalian cell types have been shown become compromised age, each unique potential contribute disease formation in body. Astrocytes represent largest group glial cells are responsible for essential functions healthy central nervous system (CNS). Like other types, can cause loss function astrocytes which reduces their ability properly maintain CNS environment, negatively alters neighboring cells, heightened inflammatory state characteristic The goal review consolidate knowledge research date regarding role In specific, focus morphology molecular profile aged astrocytes, consequence astrocyte dysfunction homeostatic during aging, neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Mammalian Circadian Timing System and the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus as Its Pacemaker

Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: March 11, 2019

The past twenty years have witnessed the most remarkable breakthroughs in our understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin circadian (approximately one day) time-keeping. Across model organisms diverse taxa: cyanobacteria (

Language: Английский

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Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia

Glia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 68(12), P. 2451 - 2470

Published: May 31, 2020

The neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology brain circuits. Over course evolution, have highly diversified include radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions brain. zebrafish, small teleost fish, is no exception to this recent evidences point evolutionarily conserved for development its nervous system. Due size, transparency, genetic amenability, zebrafish become an increasingly prominent animal model It enabled study neural circuits from individual entire brains, precision unmatched other vertebrate models. Moreover, high neurogenic regenerative potential attracted lot attention research focusing stem neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using provide fundamental insights about function, also elucidate molecular mechanisms neurological We will discuss here discoveries diverse neurogenesis, modulating neuronal activity regulating homeostasis at barriers. By comparing made various models, particularly mammals our goal highlight similarities differences biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant humans.

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes and Behavior

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 49 - 67

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles. However, are numerous neurons in the mammalian brain, and current findings indicate a chemically based dialog between neurons. Activation of synaptically released neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca2+ astrocytes, which then can regulate efficacy near distant tripartite synapses at diverse timescales through gliotransmitter release. Here, we discuss recent evidence how behaviors impacted this dialog. These support paradigm shift neuroscience, animal does not result from activity but coordinated both Decoding interact with each other various brain circuits will fundamental fully understanding originate become dysregulated disease.

Language: Английский

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Cortical astrocytes independently regulate sleep depth and duration via separate GPCR pathways

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 17, 2021

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, characterized by slow-wave electrophysiological activity, underlies several critical functions, including learning and memory. However, NREM sleep is heterogeneous, varying in duration, depth, spatially across the cortex. While these features are thought to be largely independently regulated, there also evidence that they mechanistically coupled. To investigate how cortical controlled, we examined astrocytic network, comprising a cortex-wide syncytium influences population-level neuronal activity. We quantified endogenous astrocyte activity mice over natural wake, then manipulated specific G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways vivo. find Gi- Gq-coupled GPCR separately control depth respectively, causes differential changes local remote These data support model which network serves as hub for regulating distinct features.

Language: Английский

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The role of astrocyte‐mediated plasticity in neural circuit development and function

Neural Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Abstract Neuronal networks are capable of undergoing rapid structural and functional changes called plasticity, which essential for shaping circuit function during nervous system development. These range from short-term modifications on the order milliseconds, to long-term rearrangement neural architecture that could last lifetime organism. Neural plasticity is most prominent development, yet also plays a critical role memory formation, behavior, disease. Therefore, it define characterize mechanisms underlying onset, duration, form plasticity. Astrocytes, numerous glial cell type in human system, integral elements synapses components network can coordinate activity at circuit-wide level. Moreover, their arrival CNS late embryogenesis correlates onset sensory-evoked activity, making them an interesting target studies. Technological advancements decade have uncovered astrocytes as regulators assembly function. Here, we provide brief historical perspective our understanding review latest advances astroglia regulating development homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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From Synapses to Circuits, Astrocytes Regulate Behavior

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells that regulate synapses, neuronal circuits, and behavior. ensheath synapses to form the tripartite synapse where astrocytes influence formation, function, plasticity. Beyond synapse, recent research has revealed astrocyte influences on nervous system extend modulation of circuitry Here we review findings active role in behavioral with a focus vivo studies, primarily mice. Using tools acutely manipulate astrocytes, such as optogenetics or chemogenetics, studies reviewed here have demonstrated causal for sleep, memory, sensorimotor behaviors, feeding, fear, anxiety, cognitive processes like attention flexibility. Current future directions astrocyte-specific manipulation, including methods probing heterogeneity, discussed. Understanding contribution circuit activity organismal behavior will be critical toward understanding how function gives rise

Language: Английский

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The role of astrocyte structural plasticity in regulating neural circuit function and behavior

Glia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(8), P. 1467 - 1483

Published: May 10, 2022

Abstract Brain circuits undergo substantial structural changes during development, driven by the formation, stabilization, and elimination of synapses. Synaptic connections continue to experience‐dependent rearrangements throughout life, which are postulated underlie learning memory. Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in brain, physically contact with synaptic through their ensheathment Astrocytes strongly contribute remodeling structures healthy diseased central nervous systems regulating connectivity behaviors. However, whether plasticity astrocytes is involved critical functions at synapse unknown. This review will discuss emerging evidence linking astrocytic circuit regulation Moreover, we survey possible molecular cellular mechanisms non‐cell‐autonomous effects on neuronal plasticity. Finally, how astrocyte morphological different physiological states disease conditions function dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Astrocyte regulation of neural circuit activity and network states

Glia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(8), P. 1455 - 1466

Published: April 22, 2022

Abstract Astrocytes are known to influence neuronal activity through different mechanisms, including the homeostatic control of extracellular levels ions and neurotransmitters exchange signaling molecules that regulate synaptic formation, structure, function. While a great effort done in past has defined many molecular mechanisms cellular processes involved astrocyte‐neuron interactions at level, consequences these network level vivo have only relatively recently been identified. This review describes discusses recent findings on regulatory effects astrocytes networks vivo. Accumulating but still limited, evidence indicates rhythmic synchronization as well brain states. These studies demonstrate critical contribution paving way for more thorough understanding bases

Language: Английский

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