Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible

Annual Review of Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 191 - 215

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making have been extensively studied in experimental settings that mimic stable environments with repeating stimuli, fixed rules, and payoffs. In contrast, we live an ever-changing environment varying goals behavioral demands. To accommodate variability, our brain flexibly adjusts decision-making processes depending on context. Here, review a growing body research explores the neural underlying this flexibility. We highlight diverse forms context dependency implemented through variety computations. Context-dependent activity is observed distributed network structures, including posterior parietal, sensory, motor, subcortical regions, as well prefrontal areas classically implicated cognitive control. propose investigating flexible decisions key to advancing understanding discuss path forward for theoretical investigations.

Language: Английский

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Geometry of neural computation unifies working memory and planning

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(37)

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Real-world tasks require coordination of working memory, decision-making, and planning, yet these cognitive functions have disproportionately been studied as independent modular processes in the brain. Here, we propose that contingency representations, defined mappings for how future behaviors depend on upcoming events, can unify memory planning computations. We designed a task capable disambiguating distinct types representations. In task-optimized recurrent neural networks, investigated possible circuit mechanisms representations found explain neurophysiological observations from prefrontal cortex during tasks. Our experiments revealed human behavior is consistent with not traditional sensory models memory. Finally, generated falsifiable predictions data to identify dissociate different findings characterize representational strategy context-dependent decision-making.

Language: Английский

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Performance in even a simple perceptual task depends on mouse secondary visual areas

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Primary visual cortex (V1) in the mouse projects to numerous brain areas, including several secondary frontal cortex, and basal ganglia. While it has been demonstrated that optogenetic silencing of V1 strongly impairs visually guided behavior, is not known which downstream areas are required for behaviors. Here we trained mice perform a contrast-increment change detection task, substantial stimulus information present V1. Optogenetic responses revealed their activity even this simple task. In vivo electrophysiology showed that, although inhibiting could produce some feedback effects V1, principal effect was profound suppression at location light. The results show pathways through necessary

Language: Английский

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Hasty sensorimotor decisions rely on an overlap of broad and selective changes in motor activity

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e3001598 - e3001598

Published: April 7, 2022

Humans and other animals are able to adjust their speed–accuracy trade-off (SAT) at will depending on the urge act, favoring either cautious or hasty decision policies in different contexts. An emerging view is that SAT regulation relies influences exerting broad changes motor system, tuning its activity up globally when hastiness premium. The present study aimed test this hypothesis. A total of 50 participants performed a task involving choices between left right index fingers, which incorrect led high low penalty 2 contexts, inciting them emphasize policies. We applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) multiple representations, eliciting motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) 9 finger leg muscles. MEP amplitudes allowed us probe corresponding while were deliberating about choose. Our data indicate entails amplification activity, although was limited chosen side. On top effect, we identified local suppression surrounding representation. Hence, policy speed over accuracy appears rely overlapping processes producing (but not global) surround activity. latter effect may help increase signal-to-noise ratio representation, as supported by single-trial correlation analyses indicating stronger differentiation representations context.

Language: Английский

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Models of working memory

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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