Prediction-error signals in anterior cingulate cortex drive task-switching

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Task-switching is a fundamental cognitive ability that allows animals to update their knowledge of current rules or contexts. Detecting discrepancies between predicted and observed events essential for this process. However, little known about how the brain computes prediction-errors whether neural prediction-error signals are causally related task-switching behaviours. Here we trained mice use switch, in single trial, responding same stimuli using two distinct rules. Optogenetic silencing un-silencing, together with widefield two-photon calcium imaging revealed anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was specifically required rapid task-switching, but only when it exhibited signals. These were projection-target dependent larger preceding successful behavioural transitions. An all-optical approach disinhibitory interneuron circuit computation. results reveal mechanism computing transitioning states.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral strategy shapes activation of the Vip-Sst disinhibitory circuit in visual cortex

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(11), P. 1876 - 1890.e4

Published: March 5, 2024

In complex environments, animals can adopt diverse strategies to find rewards. How distinct differentially engage brain circuits is not well understood. Here, we investigate this question, focusing on the cortical Vip-Sst disinhibitory circuit between vasoactive intestinal peptide-postive (Vip) interneurons and somatostatin-positive (Sst) interneurons. We characterize behavioral used by mice during a visual change detection task. Using dynamic logistic regression model, that individual use mixtures of comparison strategy statistical timing strategy. Separately, also have periods task engagement disengagement. Two-photon calcium imaging shows large strategy-dependent differences in neural activity excitatory, Sst inhibitory, Vip inhibitory cells response both image changes omissions. contrast, has limited effects population activity. diversity correlates be understood parsimoniously as increased activation strategy, which facilitates task-appropriate responses.

Language: Английский

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sbi reloaded: a toolkit for simulation-based inference workflows

The Journal of Open Source Software, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(108), P. 7754 - 7754

Published: April 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of BK channels by GABAb receptors enhances intrinsic excitability of layer 2/3 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐expressing interneurons in mouse neocortex

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract GABAb receptors (GABAbRs) affect many signalling pathways, and hence the net effect of activity these depends upon specific ion channels that they are linked to, leading to different effects on neuronal populations. Typically, GABAbRs suppress in cerebral cortex. Previously, we found neocortical parvalbumin‐expressing cells strongly inhibited through GABAbRs, whereas somatostatin interneurons immune this modulation. Here, employed vitro whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings study whether modulate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐expressing (VIP‐INs) layer (L) 2/3 mouse primary somatosensory Utilizing machine learning algorithms (hierarchical clustering principal component analysis), revealed one VIP‐IN cluster (about 68% all VIP‐INs) was sensitive GABAbR activation. Paradoxically, when were performed standard conditions with high extracellular Ca 2+ level, indirectly large conductance voltage‐ calcium‐activated potassium (BK) reduced GABAaR‐mediated inhibition, an increase intrinsic excitability interneurons. However, a classical inhibitory L2/3 VIP‐INs observed modified artificial cerebrospinal fluid physiological (low) concentration. Our results essential for deeper understanding mechanisms underlying modulation cortical networks. image Key points Layer cortex into three electrophysiological types differentially (GABAbRs). The majority (type 1, about regulated pre‐ postsynaptic while subset (types 2 3) is controlled only presynaptically. activation [Ca ] fluid. When (2.5 mM), inhibit BK reduce GABAaR inhibition increased type 1 VIP‐INs. low (1 which more physiological, do not regulate thus canonically decrease

Language: Английский

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Oxytocin modulates inhibitory balance in the prelimbic cortex to support social memory consolidation during REM sleep

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 3257 - 3274

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Rationale: The prelimbic cortex (PrL), enriched with oxytocin (OXT) receptors, plays a critical role in memory consolidation. However, the of OXT social consolidation within PrL microcircuit remains poorly understood. Methods: To examine signaling consolidation, we used biosensors and loss-of-function approaches, including tetanus toxin-mediated silencing neurons paraventricular nucleus (PVNOXT), optogenetic inhibition PVNOXT-PrL pathway during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, local administration an receptor antagonist PrL. In vivo molecular for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin, presynaptic calcium imaging were employed to assess inhibitory microcircuit. Optogenetic activation intranasal evaluate resilience chronic sleep deprivation-induced deficits. Results: We identified that REM-sleep release via PVN supports deficiency reduces activity VIP parvalbumin (PV) neurons, thereby disrupting balance between somatic mediated by PV dendritic disinhibition microcircuits REM sleep. Chronic deprivation (SD) disrupts balance, leading pyramidal neuron hyperactivity impairments. Notably, REM-sleep-specific or restores rescues deficits SD mice. Conclusion: Our results reveal how modulates support suggesting potential therapeutic strategies treating sleep-related disorders.

Language: Английский

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Distinct Roles of Somatostatin and Parvalbumin Interneurons in Regulating Predictive Actions and Emotional Responses During Trace Eyeblink Conditioning

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Learning involves evaluating multiple dimensions of information and generating appropriate actions, yet how the brain assigns value to this remains unclear. In study, we show that two types interneurons (INs) in primary somatosensory cortex-somatostatin-expressing (SST-INs) parvalbumin-expressing (PV-INs) neurons-differentially contribute evaluation during trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC). An air puff (unconditioned stimulus, US) delivered after a whisker stimulus (conditioned CS) elicited both reflexive eye closure stress-related locomotion. However, only self-initiated, anticipatory CS window, measured via electromyography (EMG), was directly relevant learning performance. We found SST-IN activity changes aligned with induced blinks period, correlated EMG across learning. contrast, PV-IN positively locomotion following US showed no related changes, suggesting role processing emotional or aversive component task. Furthermore, cholinergic signaling nicotinic receptors modulated SST- activities, manner consistent their distinctive roles, linking these regulation learning-related actions responses, respectively. These findings demonstrate distinct interneuron populations evaluate different information-SST-INs for predictive, adaptive PV-INs responses-to guide behavior.

Language: Английский

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Neuropeptide Signaling in Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Current State and Future Direction

NeuroMolecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cell-type-specific firing patterns in a V1 cortical column model depend on feedforward and feedback-driven states

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. e1012036 - e1012036

Published: April 23, 2025

Stimulation of specific cell groups under different network regimes (e.g., spontaneous activity or sensory-evoked activity) can provide insights into the neural dynamics cortical columns. While these protocols are challenging to perform experimentally, modelling serve as a powerful tool for such explorations. Using detailed electrophysiological and anatomical data from mouse V1, we built novel spiking model column, which incorporates pyramidal cells three distinct interneuron types (PV, SST, VIP cells, specified per lamina), well dynamic voltage-dependent properties AMPA, GABA, NMDA receptors. We first demonstrate that thalamocortical feedforward (FF) feedback (FB) stimuli arriving in column have opposite effects, leading net columnar excitation inhibition respectively revealing translaminar gain control via full-column by layer 6. then perturb one group (i.e., type layer) at time observe effects on other states: spontaneous, feedforward-driven, feedback-driven, combination feedback. Our findings reveal when given is perturbed, response varies significantly based its state, with strong sensory input decreasing sensitivity all perturbations serving modulator intra interactions. Given changes within neuronal populations difficult predict priori experiments, our may constitute useful outcomes assist experimental design.

Language: Английский

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The role of inhibitory neurons in novelty sound detection in regular and random statistical contexts

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Detecting statistical regularities in sound and responding to violations of these patterns, termed novelty detection, is a core function the auditory system. Human studies have shown that responses are enhanced regular compared random contexts, but underlying circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined how inhibitory neurons contribute context-dependent mouse cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging cortex awake head-fixed male female mice, recorded neuronal activity during presentation spectro-temporally rich ripple sounds, with novel ripples embedded either or sequences. AC exhibited sounds contexts ones. To identify mechanisms, selectively inactivated parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) using optogenetics imaging. Inactivation PV SST broadly increased both contexts. In contrast, VIP inactivation reduced stimuli context, abolishing enhancement. At population level, inactivating all three subtypes detectability stimulus, inactivation, shift was stronger for than context. These findings reveal distinct role modulating prediction error signals based on temporal structure, suggesting circuits critical context-sensitive processing.

Language: Английский

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Untangling stability and gain modulation in cortical circuits with multiple interneuron classes

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 30, 2025

Synaptic inhibition is the mechanistic backbone of a suite cortical functions, not least which are maintaining network stability and modulating neuronal gain. In models with single inhibitory neuron class, stabilization gain control work in opposition to one another – meaning high coincides low vice versa. It now clear that diverse, molecularly distinguished cell classes having distinct positions within circuit. We analyze circuit pyramidal neurons (E) as well parvalbumin (PV) somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons. show how, E PV SOM recurrently connected networks, SOM-mediated modulation can lead simultaneous increases stability. Our exposes how impact mediated by depends critically on connectivity state.

Language: Английский

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