Opposing effects of rewarding and aversive stimuli on D1 and D2 types of dopamine-sensitive neurons in the central amygdala

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Abstract Dopamine-sensitive neurons are organized in two classes of cells, expressing D1- or D2- types dopamine receptors, and often mediating opposing aspects reward-oriented behaviors. Here, we focused on dopamine-sensitive the central amygdala – a brain structure critically involved processing emotion-related stimuli. We discovered that both receptor present medial nucleus, while lateral part is populated predominantly with DRD2 cells. Exposing mice to rewarding aversive stimuli studied DRD1 cells activity using vivo two-photon calcium imaging CeM. showed cocaine sugar increase DRD1(+) decrease DRD2(+) Repeated exposure cocaine, however, had opposite effect spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission CeM than sugar. Quinine, an stimulus, primarily engaged neurons, activating those were previously inhibited by exposure. Our results show though populations differentially regulated appetitive/aversive stimuli, participate sugar, quinine processing.

Language: Английский

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Effort Drives Saccade Selection

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 17, 2024

What determines where to move the eyes? We recently showed that pupil size, a well-established marker of effort, also reflects effort associated with making saccade (’saccade costs’). Here we demonstrate costs critically drive selection: when choosing between any two directions, least costly direction was consistently preferred. Strikingly, this principle even held during search in natural scenes additional experiments. When increasing cognitive demand experimentally through an auditory counting task, participants made fewer saccades and especially cut directions. This suggests eye-movement system other operations consume similar resources are flexibly allocated among each as changes. Together, argue behavior is tuned adaptively minimize saccade-inherent effort.

Language: Английский

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Meta-Control Demands Deactivate Cognitive-Control Regions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 23, 2024

Abstract The well-known activation of frontoparietal regions forms the basis neuroscientific accounts cognitive control. Control interventions that activate also generate a characteristic psychophysiological signature that, amongst others, is accompanied by increased pupil size. Here, we characterize distinct but key aspect control deactivates these and decreases Our goals are completed through extended tasks hierarchically controlled executed as single entity despite consisting numerous steps (e.g., ‘preparing coffee’, ‘writing emails’). This achieved higher-level programs instantiated at beginning their execution will go on to organize cognition instantiate various during ensuing task execution. Difficult episodes begin with instantiation more complex set interventions. However, demands related instantiating likely be from those interventions, like selective attention, inhibition, etc., involve making goal-directed changes in sensory motor select correct incoming information action. In contrast, involves embodying commands make relevant neurocognitive later organizing Across four experiments, show while executing difficult activates increases size, episodes, i.e., junctures where instantiated, same We thus categorically different compared subsequent

Language: Английский

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Orexin population activity precisely reflects net body movement across behavioral and metabolic states

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Tracking net body movement in real time may enable the brain to estimate ongoing demands and thus better orchestrate muscle tone, energy balance, arousal. To identify neural populations specializing tracking movement, here we compared self-initiated movement-related activity across genetically-defined subcortical neurons mouse brain, including dopaminergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, key peptidergic neurons. We show that hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin-producing (HONs) are exceptionally precise movement-trackers, encoding multiple classified behaviors with a high degree of precision, independent head acceleration. This was so precise, video analysis reliably served as low-cost biometric for HON population activity. The internal nutritional states, occurred communication bandwidth distinct from blood glucose. At projection targets, orexin/hypocretin peptide outputs correlated projection-specific manner, indicating functional heterogeneity outputs. Finally, found not encoded same extent other related arousal or energy. These findings indicate orchestrators metabolism finely tuned encode constituting bridge multiplexing motor resources.

Language: Английский

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Patch-leaving decisions and pupil-linked arousal systems

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Abstract Deciding when to abandon a depleting resource in favour of potentially richer alternatives is fundamental adaptive behaviour. Such patch-leaving decisions require balancing the expected advantage leaving against both cost moving and reward foregone current environment. Previous research suggests that activity noradrenergic (NE) neurons locus coeruleus (LC) underpins patch-leaving. In study, we used pupil dilation as time-resolved readout subcortical neuromodulation during We hypothesised leave will be preceded by transient dilation. Participants harvested from exponentially patches (blueberry bushes) with three initial values, two environments, which differed variability values. Behavioural results show that, predicted mathematically optimal solution, participants adjusted their based on instantaneous rate, but also displayed bias overharvest (stay longer compared optimum), was more pronounced high Pupil size overall larger environment, associated increased uncertainty. Importantly, observed an response outcomes immediately preceding stay decisions, well increase (and RT) across successive trials, leading up presumably indicating LC-NE abandoning options explore alternatives.

Language: Английский

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Blink-induced changes in pupil dynamics are consistent and heritable

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Abstract Pupil size and blink rates are heritable but the extent to which they interact with one another has not been properly investigated. Though changes in pupil due eye blinks have reported, considered a pupillary artifact. In this study we used HCP 7T fMRI dataset resting state eye-tracking data obtained monozygotic dizygotic twins assess their heritability interactions. For purpose, characterized dilation (positive peak) constriction (negative that followed events, describe as blink-induced response (BIPR). We show BIPR is highly consistent positive dilatory peak (D-peak) around 500ms negative constricting (C-peak) 1s. These patterns were reproducible within- between-subjects across two time points differed by vigilance (vigilant versus drowsy). By comparing between component significant additive genetic (A) environmental (E) factors dominating structural equation models, particularly time-domain for both D- C-peaks (a 2 42 49%) shared effects (C) observed amplitude domain C-peak. Blink duration, rate also found be up 62% size). Our provides evidence of influence indicates should treated coincidental artefact. Instead appears larger oculomotor system label here Oculomotor Adaptive System, genetically determined.

Language: Английский

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Opposing effects of rewarding and aversive stimuli on D1 and D2 types of dopamine-sensitive neurons in the central amygdala

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

Dopamine-sensitive neurons are organized in two classes of cells, expressing D1- or D2- types dopamine receptors, and often mediating opposing aspects reward-oriented behaviors. Here, we focused on dopamine-sensitive the central amygdala – a brain structure critically involved processing emotion-related stimuli. Exposing mice to rewarding aversive stimuli studied DRD1 DRD2 cells activity using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging CeM. We showed that cocaine sugar predominantly increase DRD1(+) decrease DRD2(+) cells. Repeated exposure cocaine, however, had opposite effect spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission CeM than sugar. Quinine, an stimulus, primarily engaged neurons, activating those were previously inhibited by exposure. Our results show though populations differentially regulated appetitive/aversive stimuli, both participate sugar, quinine processing.

Language: Английский

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