Parkinson’s Disease in Women and Men: What’s the Difference?

Journal of Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 501 - 515

Published: July 5, 2019

Increasing evidence points to biological sex as an important factor in the development and phenotypical expression of Parkinson's disease (PD).Risk developing PD is twice high men than women, but women have a higher mortality rate faster progression disease.Moreover, motor nonmotor symptoms, response treatments risk factors differ between men.Altogether, sex-related differences support idea that might involve distinct pathogenic mechanisms (or same mechanism different way) male female patients.This review summarizes most recent knowledge concerning clinical features, factors, underlying pathophysiology.Unraveling how pathology differently affect two sexes allow tailored interventions design innovative programs meet needs improving patient care.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in dopamine release regulation in the striatum

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 491 - 499

Published: Dec. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in fear regulation and reward-seeking behaviors in a fear-safety-reward discrimination task

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 368, P. 111903 - 111903

Published: April 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Parkinson's disease in women: Mechanisms underlying sex differences

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 895, P. 173862 - 173862

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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Endogenous opioid systems alterations in pain and opioid use disorder

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory, gastrointestinal function, pain relief. Endogenous are present ubiquitously throughout the peripheral nervous system. They composed four families, namely μ (MOPR), κ (KOPR), δ (DOPR), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOPR) receptors systems. These signal through action their peptides β-endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins, nociceptins, respectfully, to maintain homeostasis under normal physiological states. Due prominent regulation, exogenous opioids—primarily targeting MOPR, been historically used medicine as analgesics, but ability produce euphoric effects also high risks abuse. The use perturb system particularly within system, may increase likelihood developing disorder (OUD). Today, crisis represents major social, economic, public health concern. In this review, we summarize current state literature on expression, pharmacology, regulation pain. Additionally, discuss adaptations upon opioids which contribute development OUD. Finally, describe intricate relationship between pain, systems, proclivity misuse, well potential generating safer more efficient therapies.

Language: Английский

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Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for Stress-Related Disorders

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 615 - 636

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Exposure to stressful stimuli activates kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling, a process known produce aversion and dysphoria in humans other species. This endogenous system is dysregulated stress-related disorders, specifically major depressive disorder (MDD). These findings serve as the foundation for growing interest therapeutic potential of KOR antagonists novel antidepressants. In this review, data supporting hypothesis function MDD are considered. The clinical demonstrating efficacy safety selective mixed then presented. Finally, preclinical evidence illustrating induction behaviors relevant endophenotypes antagonist activity stress-naïve stress-exposed animals evaluated. Overall, review highlights emergent literature pursuit therapeutics disorders.

Language: Английский

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Dopaminergic cellular and circuit contributions to kappa opioid receptor mediated aversion

Neurochemistry International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 104504 - 104504

Published: July 10, 2019

Language: Английский

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Phasic dopamine responses to a food-predictive cue are suppressed by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 112771 - 112771

Published: Dec. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Kappa-opioid receptor stimulation in the nucleus accumbens shell and ethanol drinking: Differential effects by rostro-caudal location and level of drinking

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(10), P. 1550 - 1558

Published: March 25, 2024

Although the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligand, dynorphin, are believed to be involved in ethanol drinking, evidence on direction of their effects has been mixed. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell densely expresses KORs, but previous studies have not found KOR activation influence drinking. Using microinjections into NAc male female Long-Evans rats that drank under intermittent-access procedure, we agonist, U50,488, had no effect drinking when injected middle shell, it promoted intake males high-drinking females caudal rostral decreased low-drinking shell. Conversely, injection antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine, stimulated These activity were substance-specific, as U50,488 did affect sucrose intake. quantitative real-time PCR, baseline gene expression was higher compared this upregulated with a history Our findings important clinical implications, demonstrating stimulation can depends subregion, subject sex, level, suggesting may due differences expression.

Language: Английский

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Sex chromosomes and hormones independently influence healthy brain development but act similarly after cranial radiation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(36)

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

The course of normal development and response to pathology are strongly influenced by biological sex. For instance, female childhood cancer survivors who have undergone cranial radiation therapy (CRT) tend display more pronounced cognitive deficits than their male counterparts. Sex effects can be the result sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) and/or gonadal hormone influence. contributions each separated using four-core genotype mouse model (FCG), where decoupled. While studies FCG mice evaluated brain differences in adulthood, it is still unclear how emerge through both healthy pathological contexts. Our study utilizes longitudinal MRI with investigate after CRT wildtype immune-modified Ccl2 -knockout mice. findings normally developing reveal a relatively prominent effect prepubertally, compared which largely later. Spatially, influences were independent one another. After mice, chromosomes hormones similarly improved outcomes but did so separately combination. highlight crucial role early identify roles for CRT-induced inflammation, highlighting pathology.

Language: Английский

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