Recent Advances in Optogenetic Retinal Prostheses

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Optogenetics has emerged as a revolutionary technology that enables circuit-specific restoration of neuronal function with millisecond temporal resolution. Restoring vision is one the most promising and forefront applications optogenetics. This chapter discusses essential components, mechanisms, present challenges, future prospects optogenetic retinal prostheses. The theoretical framework analysis excitation ganglion neurons are also presented, which useful in developing better understanding guidance for experiments. It shows newly discovered ChRmine opsin provides control at light powers two orders magnitude smaller than required experimentally studied opsins include ChR2, ReaChR, ChrimsonR, while maintaining single-spike resolution, neurons.

Language: Английский

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Ultrafast Light Targeting for High-Throughput Precise Control of Neuronal Networks

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 14, 2021

ABSTRACT Understanding how specific sets of neurons fire and wire together during cognitive-relevant activity is one the most pressing questions in neuroscience. Two-photon, single-cell resolution optogenetics based on holographic light-targeting approaches enables accurate spatio-temporal control individual or multiple neurons. Yet, currently, ability to drive asynchronous distinct cells critically limited a few milliseconds achievable number targets several dozens. In order expand capability optogenetics, we introduce an approach capable ultra-fast sequential light targeting (FLiT), switching temporally focused beams between holograms at kHz rates. We demonstrate serial-parallel photostimulation strategies multi-cell sub-millisecond temporal many-fold expansion activated cells. This will be important for experiments that require rapid precise cell stimulation with defined patterns optical large neuronal ensembles.

Language: Английский

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In-vitro quantitative measurement and analysis of the photosensitivity of cells to a weak pulse laser

Biomedical Optics Express, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 3584 - 3584

Published: June 14, 2023

Light can trigger electrical activity in certain types of cells, and is considered to be a better means biological regulation than stimulation the future. Due specificity selectivity natural cells’ photoresponse optical signals, constructing an applicable method explore which kinds cells have photosensitivity bands light could induce its most effectively, great significance for lights’ medical applications. This paper firstly proposed universal operable system corresponding quantitatively measure analyze vitro weak pulse laser, constructed with Ca 2+ imaging module, adjustable laser lights module positioning module. With measurement method, photosensitive effects spiral ganglion (SGCs) mice are tested systemantically. Then new band (453 nm, 300 µs) found SGCs, minimum threshold measured as 5.3 mJ/cm 2 . The results verify that screen response, well working parameters, thus beneficial biophysics photobiology.

Language: Английский

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Computational analysis of optogenetic inhibition of CA1 neurons using a data-efficient and interpretable potassium and chloride conducting opsin model

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 20, 2024

Abstract Optogenetic inhibition of excitatory populations has been suggested as a novel technique for the treatment refractory epilepsy. While this approach holds significant potential, achieving seizure suppression in animal models using optogenetics proven challenging. This difficulty can be attributed to suboptimal stimulation method that involves numerous complex variables. To provide insight into these parameters, behavior chloride conducting opsin, GtACR2, was fitted mathematical description and combined with conductance-based model pyramidal CA1 neuron. The resulting adapted add ability study potassium opsins used demonstrate effect an optogenetic modulation setup is highly dependent on its parameters physiological conditions neuronal environment. Stronger observed at higher pulse repetition frequencies duty cycles. Furthermore, were shown more stable use than ones. dependence observations opsin fit found negligible. determine this, simplified (22OMs) proposed permits easy implementation experimentally derived describing opsin’s opening closing dynamics description. also employed impact varying insignificant when time constants are altered by factor between 0.5 2. Consequently, provides insights influencing outcome offers new tool will facilitate future research development improved protocol suppression.

Language: Английский

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In Vitro Photoresponse Detection Method for Natural Nerve Cells Based on Adjustable Parameter Pulse Lights

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Weak pulsed laser can regulate the activity of nerve cells, and safe effective optical parameters are focus issues for future medical applications. Natural spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) target cochlear deafness treatment， calcium ion is a key marker in physiological cells. So, establishing system to dynamically detect photoresponse property vitro under different light pulses irradiation will be significant. In this paper, we propose method natural SGCs based on adjustable parameter pulse imaging, mice was experimented. The results showed that intracellular concentration increased significantly when intensity test (453 nm, 300 μs) exceeded certain level (about 5.5 mJ/cm 2 ), response could repeatly induced higher over level. And compared with 810nm (300 μs), it found blue more sensitive photoregulation. studies show proposed may whether produce photoregulation by light, also analyze

Language: Английский

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