Neuroprotective Treatments for Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities for Nanotechnology

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(52)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Abstract Stroke is one of the major causes death and severe disability worldwide. At present, intravenous thrombolysis to restore blood flow at ischemic part brain main treatment for stroke. However, even if patients are treated in time during therapeutic window thrombolytic drugs, a sharp increase oxygen concentration injury site after ischemia–reperfusion, leading outbreak free radicals, which further aggravates injury. Neuroprotective therapy, combined with an important stroke metabolic disorders caused by It can inhibit various types cell necrosis, viability, delay neuronal death, promote recovery neural functions. This review summarizes novel neuroprotective treatments stroke, especially nanotechnology‐assisted advanced targeted therapies. Future prospects challenges also discussed development nanomaterials.

Language: Английский

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Design and synthesis of novel indole and indazole-piperazine pyrimidine derivatives with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities for ischemic stroke treatment

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 241, P. 114597 - 114597

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Gap Junctions and Connexins in Microglia-Related Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Perspectives for Drug Discovery

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 505 - 505

Published: March 9, 2023

Microglia represent the immune system of brain. Their role is central in two phenomena, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are at roots different pathologies related to nervous (CNS). In order maintain homeostasis brain re-establish equilibrium after a threatening imbalance, microglia communicate with each other cells within CNS by receiving specific signals through membrane-bound receptors then releasing neurotrophic factors into either extracellular milieu or directly cytoplasm nearby cells, such as astrocytes neurons. These last mechanisms rely on activity protein structures that enable formation channels membrane, namely, connexins pannexins, group form gap junctions, hemichannels, pannexons. allow release gliotransmitters, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) glutamate, together calcium ion (Ca2+), seem play pivotal inter-cellular communication. The aim present review focused physiology channel complexes their contribution neuroinflammatory stress-related neurodegenerative disorders. We will discuss how pharmacological modulation these can impact phenomena hypothesize currently available nutraceuticals, carnosine N-acetylcysteine, modulate pannexins microglial reduce stress

Language: Английский

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Regulatory mechanisms of natural compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the microglial response in ischemic stroke

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 154889 - 154889

Published: May 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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The role of microglial activation on ischemic stroke: Modulation by fibroblast growth factors

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 122 - 133

Published: July 31, 2023

Stroke is one of the devastating clinical conditions that causes death and permanent disability. Its occurrence reduction oxygen glucose supply, resulting in events such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis brain. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells central nervous system (CNS) exert diverse roles respond to pathological process after an ischemic insult. The discovery fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mammals, resulted findings they can treat experimental models stroke animals effectively. FGFs function homeostatic control hormones involved metabolism, also regulate secretion proinflammatory (M1) anti-inflammatory (M2) cytokines stroke. In this review, we outline current evidence microglia activation focusing on its ability exacerbate damage or repair tissue. Also, our review sheds light pharmacological actions multiple targets microglial modulation highlighted their theoretical molecular mechanisms provide possible therapeutic targets, well limitations for treatment DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the gasdermin D as a strategy for ischemic stroke therapy

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 114585 - 114585

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Insight Into the Mechanism of Exercise Preconditioning in Ischemic Stroke

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 8, 2022

Exercise preconditioning has attracted extensive attention to induce endogenous neuroprotection and become the hotspot in neurotherapy. The training exercise is given multiple times before cerebral ischemia, effectively inducing ischemic tolerance alleviating secondary brain damage post-stroke. Compared with other methods, main advantages of include easy clinical operation being readily accepted by patients. However, specific mechanism behind ameliorate injury complex. It involves multi-pathway multi-target regulation, including regulation inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis inhibition, neurogenesis promotion. current review summarizes recent studies on induced exercise, providing theoretical basis applying therapy prevent treat stroke. In addition, we highlight various limitations future challenges translational medicine from fundamental study application.

Language: Английский

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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Alleviates Brain Ischemic Injury by Regulating Neuronal Oxidative Stress, Pyroptosis, and Mitophagy

Mediators of Inflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 13

Published: April 17, 2023

Background. As a noninvasive treatment, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been utilized to treat various diseases in clinic. However, whether TENS can be an effective intervention the acute stage of ischemic stroke still remains unclear. In present study, we aimed explore could alleviate brain infarct volume, reduce oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis, activate mitophagy following stroke. Methods. was performed at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats for 3 consecutive days. Neurological scores, volume infarction, activity SOD, MDA, GSH, GSH-px were measured. Moreover, western blot detect related protein expression, including Bcl-2, Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP3, BRCC3, HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3, P62. Real-time PCR NLRP3 expression. Immunofluorescence levels LC3. Results. There no significant difference neurological deficit scores between MCAO group 2 MCAO/R operation ( $P>0.05$ ), while significantly decreased comparison with 72 MACO/R injury id="M2"> < ). Similarly, treatment reduced compared id="M3"> expression P62 MDA as well increasing level LC3 id="M4"> Conclusions. conclusion, our results indicated that alleviated damage via inhibiting pyroptosis activating mitophagy, possibly regulation BRCC3/NLRP3, HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathways.

Language: Английский

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SLC40A1 in iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and disease: A review

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4)

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) plays an essential role in transporting iron from intracellular to extracellular environments. When SLC40A1 expression is abnormal, cellular metabolism becomes dysregulated, resulting overload of iron, which induces cell ferroptosis. Numerous studies have confirmed that ferroptosis closely associated with the development many diseases. Here, we review recent findings on and its association various diseases, intending explore new directions for research disease pathogenesis therapeutic targets prevention treatment. This article categorized under: Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Metabolic Diseases Molecular Cellular Physiology

Language: Английский

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Chemical Composition and Immunomodulatory Activity of Essential Oils from Rhododendron albiflorum

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 3652 - 3652

Published: June 15, 2021

Rhododendron (Ericaceae) extracts contain flavonoids, chromones, terpenoids, steroids, and essential oils are used in traditional ethnobotanical medicine. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of isolated from these plants. Thus, we flowers leaves R. albiflorum (cascade azalea) analyzed their chemical composition innate activity. Compositional analysis flower (REOFl) versus leaf (REOLv) revealed significant differences. REOFl was comprised mainly monoterpenes (92%), whereas sesquiterpenes were found relatively low amounts. In contrast, REOLv primarily composed (90.9%), with a small number monoterpenes. its primary (viridiflorol, spathulenol, curzerene, germacrone) induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization human neutrophils, C20 microglial cells, HL60 cells transfected N-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) or FPR2. On other hand, pretreatment component compounds inhibited agonist-induced chemotaxis neutrophils FPR-transfected indicating that direct effect on [Ca2+]i desensitized to subsequent agonist activation. Reverse pharmacophore mapping suggested several potential kinase targets for compounds; however, not supported by binding assays. Our results provide cellular molecular basis explain at least part beneficial immunotherapeutic properties suggest this plant may be effective modulating some immune responses, possibly inhibition neutrophil migration.

Language: Английский

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