Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life

BMJ, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. m3048 - m3048

Published: Oct. 28, 2020

The prevalence of "toxic stress" and huge downstream consequences in disease, suffering, financial costs make prevention early intervention crucial, say Charles A Nelson colleagues

Language: Английский

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Interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology training applies neural exposome perspectives to neurology principles and practice

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

An interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology (FNN) program over the first 1,000 days teaches perspectives of neural exposome that are applicable across life span. This curriculum strengthens neonatal neurocritical care, pediatric, and adult training objectives. Teaching at maternal-pediatric hospital centers optimally merges reproductive, pregnancy, pediatric approaches to healthcare. Phenotype–genotype expressions health or disease pathways represent a dynamic developmental time. The science uncertainty applied FNN re-enforces importance shared clinical decisions minimize bias reduce cognitive errors. Trainees select mentoring committee participants will maximize their learning experiences. Standardized questions oral presentations monitor educational progress. Master doctoral defense preparation competitive research funding can be goals for specific individuals. principles practice offer an understanding gene–environment interactions recognizes effects reproductive on maternal-placental-fetal triad, neonate, child, adult. Pre-conception prenatal adversities potentially diminish life-course brain health. Endogenous exogenous toxic stressor interplay (TSI) alters through maladaptive neuroplasticity. Developmental disorders epilepsy primarily expressed during days. Communicable noncommunicable illnesses continue interact with express diverse neurologic lifespan, particularly critical/sensitive time periods adolescence senescence. Anomalous destructive fetal neuropathologic lesions change this developmental-aging continuum. integrated placental, neonatal, childhood, offers perspective exposome. Exosome promises improved monitoring drug delivery starting pregnancy. origins anticipate diagnoses interventions benefit successive generations. Addressing care disparities in Global South high-income country medical deserts require constructive dialogue among stakeholders achieve equity. Population policies capital strategy reduces global burden diseases by applying practice. integrative approach prolong survival quality persons lifespan confronted neurological disorders.

Language: Английский

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Aberrant maturation and connectivity of prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia—contribution of NMDA receptor development and hypofunction

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 731 - 743

Published: June 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Healthy adolescent development and the juvenile justice system: Challenges and solutions

Child Development Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 141 - 147

Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract Adolescents are developmentally distinct from adults in ways that merit a tailored response to juvenile crime. Normative adolescent brain development is associated with increases risk taking, which may include criminal behavior. Juvenile delinquency peaks during the years and declines concert psychosocial maturation. However, current U.S. approaches justice misaligned youth's developmental needs undermine very necessary for youth transition out of crime lead healthy adult lives. In this article, I discuss empirically supported efficacious responses United States, as well opportunities further reform system. Developmentally appropriate prioritize community‐based corrections engage social context rehabilitative process. The system shares responsibility prepare live fulfilling, productive lives; can be achieved by partnering scientists inform practice policy.

Language: Английский

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Adolescent brain maturation and the neuropathological effects of binge drinking: A critical review

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Adolescence is a transitional stage marked by continued brain development. This period accompanied physical and neurochemical modifications in the shape function of hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, other limbic system structures. Brain maturation during adolescence, which typically governed intrinsic factors, can be dramatically altered environmental influences such as drugs alcohol. Unlike many addictive substances, binge drinking very common normative among teenagers young adults. repeated pattern excessive alcohol consumption adolescents has been shown to cause behavioral changes neurocognitive impairments that include increased anxiety, risky decision-making, learning deficits, could lead development use disorder (AUD). manuscript highlights factors adolescent drinking, discusses maturational occur an adolescent’s brain, then evaluates effect on structure, function, abilities both human studies animal models. The impact gender/sex COVID-19 are briefly discussed. Understanding promote onset its undesirable consequences serve catalyst for developing therapeutic agents would decrease or eradicate damaging effects brain.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal study of peer victimization, social support, and mental health during early adolescence

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(9), P. 1940 - 1955

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Peer victimization predicts the development of mental health symptoms in transition to adolescence, but it is unclear whether and how parents school environments can buffer this link.

Language: Английский

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The role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated cognitive impairment

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: June 19, 2024

Cognitive impairment (COI) is a prevalent complication across spectrum of brain disorders, underpinned by intricate mechanisms yet to be fully elucidated. Neurons, the principal cell population nervous system, orchestrate cognitive processes and govern balance. Extensive inquiry has spotlighted involvement Foxo3a in COI. The regulatory cascade transactivation implicates multiple downstream signaling pathways encompassing mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, collectively affecting neuronal activity. Notably, expression activity profile are subject modulation via various modalities, including methylation promoter, phosphorylation acetylation protein. Furthermore, upstream such as PI3K/AKT, SIRT family, diverse micro-RNAs intricately interface with Foxo3a, engendering alterations function. Through several routes, regulates dynamics, thereby modulating onset or amelioration COI Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, ischemic injury, Parkinson’s traumatic injury. potential therapeutic target, clinical drugs small molecules have been preliminarily shown cognitive-enhancing effects that indirectly affect Foxo3a. Particularly noteworthy randomized, controlled, placebo trials illustrating significant enhancement achievable through autophagy modulation. Here, we discussed role neuron-mediated common cognitively impaired diseases.

Language: Английский

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The catcher in the mind: validation of the brief-mentalized affectivity scale for adolescents in the Italian population

Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(3)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The concept of mentalized affectivity (MA) encompasses the dimensions identifying, processing, and expressing emotions describes process making sense reevaluating one’s affects in light autobiographical memory. This construct was developed within theoretical framework mentalization and, due to its interpersonal nature, added further complexity emotion regulation construct. research aimed examine factor structure psychometric properties Brief-Mentalized Affectivity Scale for adolescents (B-MAS-A) on an Italian sample young people (aged 13-19 years). Data were collected using non-probabilistic sampling online survey. Participants asked complete a large battery instruments, including B-MAS-A, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, Credulity Strengths Difficulties General Self-Efficacy Scale. In study 1, analyses carried out total 566 identified 3 distinct same components MA found adult population: i) identifying; ii) processing; iii) emotions. subscales showed excellent internal consistency. Study 2 (involving subsample 288 participants) demonstrated good levels criterion validity. These results confirm that B-MAS-A represents valid robust instrument assessing complex multifaceted characteristics adolescents. can make significant contribution clinical practice encourage systematic studies psychotherapy, taking into account developmental stage adolescence.

Language: Английский

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Effects of exposure to enriched environment during adolescence on passive avoidance memory, nociception, and prefrontal BDNF level in adult male and female rats

Neuroscience Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 732, P. 135133 - 135133

Published: June 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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Social Cognitive Interventions for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 274, P. 199 - 204

Published: May 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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