Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination and Prevention of Symptomatic Infection in Infants

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 153(3)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Maternal vaccination may prevent infant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to quantify protection against infection from maternally derived vaccine-induced antibodies in the first 6 months of an infant’s life. METHODS Infants born mothers vaccinated during pregnancy with 2 or 3 doses a messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine (nonboosted boosted, respectively) had full-length spike (Spike) immunoglobulin G (IgG), pseudovirus 614D, and live virus D614G, omicron BA.1 BA.5 neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers measured at delivery. Infant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) was determined by verified maternal-report laboratory confirmation through prospective follow-up age between December 2021 July 2022. The risk reduction for dose group titer level estimated separate models. RESULTS boosted (n = 204) significantly higher Spike IgG, pseudovirus, nAb delivery than infants nonboosted 271), were 56% less likely acquire (P .03). Irrespective boost, each 10-fold increase IgG delivery, acquiring reduced 47% (95% confidence interval 8%–70%; P .02). Similarly, Wuhan Spike, associated 30%, 46%, 56%, 60% reduction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher transplacental binding substantially SARS-CoV-2 infants, booster amplified period predominance. Until are age-eligible vaccination, maternal provides passive symptomatic early infancy.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 200 - 200

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Prenatal maternal immunization is an effective tool to protect mothers and infants from poor health outcomes due infectious diseases. We provide overview of the rationale for use prenatal vaccines, discuss immunologic environment maternal-fetal interface including impact vaccines prenatally subsequently on infant's immune response, review currently recommended in pregnancy landscape future vaccination. This aims understanding recent history progress made field highlight importance continued research development into new pregnant populations.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(2)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

SUMMARY Viral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity disease, vertical transmission. The placenta the organ maternal-fetal interface provides defense against microbial infection while supporting semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, rubella breach these defenses, directly infecting having long-lasting consequences. Even without direct placental infection, other including respiratory viruses like influenza severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2, still cause damage inflammation. Concentrations progesterone estrogens rise contribute to immunological adaptations, placentation, development play pivotal role in creating environment at interface. Animal models, mice, nonhuman primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, instrumental for mechanistic insights into pathogenesis viral identification targetable treatments improve health outcomes pregnant individuals offspring.

Language: Английский

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Acceptance and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in Canada

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a unique set of risks to pregnant women and people. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with increased risk severe illness adverse perinatal outcomes. However, evidence regarding the use vaccines shows safety efficacy. Despite eligibility recommendations for vaccination among people Canada, uptake remains lower compared general population, warranting exploration influencing factors. COVERED study, national prospective cohort, utilized web-based surveys collect data from across Canada on vaccine attitudes, uptake, hesitancy factors July 2021 December 2023. Survey questions were informed by validated tools including WHO Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) Theory Planned Behavior (TPB). Of 1093 respondents who at time survey, 87.7% received or intended receive during pregnancy. TPB variables such as positive attitudes toward (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.08–1.14), direct social norms, indirect norms significantly acceptance. Perceived risks, assessed VHS, greater those not accepting vaccine. Our study identified several key that play role uptake: perceived norms. These findings may guide public health prenatal counseling strategies.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Exposures to COVID-19 Vaccine and Adverse Birth Outcomes: National Population Study in Korea

Journal of Korean Medical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Reduced control of SARS-CoV-2 infection associates with lower mucosal antibody responses in pregnancy

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Pregnant patients are at greater risk of hospitalization with severe COVID-19 than non-pregnant people. This was a retrospective observational cohort study remnant clinical specimens from who visited acute care hospitals within the Johns Hopkins Health System in Baltimore, MD–Washington DC, area between October 2020 and May 2022. Participants included confirmed respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pregnant people matched (the matching criteria age, race/ethnicity, deprivation index, insurance status, vaccination status to ensure demographics). The primary dependent measures were outcomes, infectious virus recovery, viral RNA levels, mucosal anti-spike (S) IgG titers upper tract samples. A total 452 individuals (117 335 non-pregnant) study, both vaccinated unvaccinated represented. increased (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; confidence interval [CI] 2.0–8.6), intensive unit admittance (OR 4.5; CI 1.2–14.2), being placed on supplemental oxygen therapy 3.1; 1.3–6.9). Individuals infected during their third trimester had higher anti-S lower levels ( P < 0.05) those first or second trimesters. experiencing breakthrough infections due Omicron variant reduced compared 0.05). observed severity antibody responses particularly among participants suggest that maintaining high SARS-CoV-2 immunity through booster vaccines may be important for protection this at-risk population. IMPORTANCE In we analyzed samples (SARS-CoV-2) Hospital Disease severity, including admission, patients. Vaccination recovery patients, but not nasopharyngeal associated responses, especially women pregnancy variants. Taken together, provides insights into how COVID-19. novelty is it focuses relationship response its association load disease outcomes people, whereas previous studies have focused serological immunity. gestational omicron impact

Language: Английский

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Pregnancy Outcomes among Pregnant Persons after COVID-19 Vaccination: Assessing Vaccine Safety in Retrospective Cohort Analysis of U.S. National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 289 - 289

Published: March 11, 2024

COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing severe illness, including among pregnant persons. The appear safe pregnancy, supporting a continuously favorable overall risk/benefit profile, though supportive data for the U.S. over different periods of variant predominance are lacking. We sought analyze association adverse pregnancy outcomes with vaccinations pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants’ dominant (constituting 50% or more each pregnancy) persons large, nationally sampled electronic health record repository Our analysis included 311,057 from December 2020 October 2023 at time when there were approximately 3.6 million births per year. compared rates preterm stillbirths who vaccinated before during after those not vaccinated. performed multivariable Poisson regression generalized estimated equations address site heterogeneity unadjusted exact models stillbirths, stratified by period. found lower birth majority modeled (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] range: 0.42 0.85; p-value <0.001 0.06) stillbirth (IRR 0.53 1.82; 0.976) most largely no associations between vaccination stillbirth; these findings reinforce safety bolster confidence persons, providers, policymakers importance this group despite end public emergency.

Language: Английский

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Pregnancy and infant outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy during delta variant predominance – Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 101265 - 101265

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron Periods of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Health Outcomes During Delivery Hospitalization

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

To examine the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis at delivery and adverse maternal health pregnancy outcomes during pre-Delta, Delta, Omicron variant predominance, with a focus on time period of predominance.

Language: Английский

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Developmental and reproductive safety of Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in mice

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(41), P. 6093 - 6104

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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