IUBMB Life,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
77(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Black
Meristematic
Fungi
(BMF)
are
characterized
by
a
thick
melanized
cell
wall
and
an
isodiametric
cellular
expansion.
BMF
represent
one
of
the
most
damaging
groups
microorganisms
causing
deterioration
outdoor
exposed
stone
monuments
mainly
due
to
formation
dark
spots
patches
leading
darkening
their
surface,
cracking,
bio-pitting.
among
stress-resistant
organisms
on
Earth,
known
for
remarkable
ability
withstand
solar
radiation,
desiccation,
extreme
temperature
fluctuations,
which
has
led
widespread
distribution
across
globe.
These
features
make
very
difficult
remove
restrict,
representing
challenge
restorers.
Despite
number
scientific
works
about
isolation
ecology,
little
is
response
antimicrobial
treatments.
Conventional
biocides
remain
used
treatment
control
biodeterioration
artworks.
In
recent
years,
interest
in
alternative
safer
treatments
risen
conservation
strategies.
The
efficacy
against
evaluated
is,
however,
still
low.
aim
this
review
assess
existing
studies
regarding
both
conventional
innovative
This
will
encompass
in-depth
examination
methodologies
application
evaluation
Furthermore,
we
highlight
future
research
directions
that
contribute
more
informed
selection
effective
anti-BMF
interventions
preservation.
We
underscore
significance
pioneering,
environmentally
low-impact
solutions.
Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(6), P. 3385 - 3385
Published: March 20, 2025
Biofilms
pose
a
major
challenge
to
the
food
industry,
as
they
develop
on
both
biotic
and
abiotic
surfaces
contribute
persistence
of
antibiotic-resistant
pathogens.
This
study
evaluated
antimicrobial
antibiofilm
potential
Satureja
thymbra,
Thymus
capitatus,
Origanum
hirtum
essential
oils
(EOs),
their
main
components
(thymol,
carvacrol,
p-cymene,
γ-terpinene),
ethanolic
ethyl
acetate
extracts
water-steam
distillation
residue
T.
capitatus
(WSTRTc).
Minimum
Inhibition
Concentration
(MIC)
Bactericidal
(MBC)
values
EOs
WSTRTc
ranged
from
0.6
56.8
mg/mL.
The
corresponding
MIC
in
lower
(0.5–2.4
mg/mL).
Biofilm
(MBIC)
Eradication
(MBEC)
were
also
determined.
MBIC
for
4.7
mg/mL
against
biofilms
Escherichia
coli,
Listeria
monocytogenes,
Proteus
mirabilis,
Salmonella
Enteritidis.
Significant
activity
at
concentrations
>
61
20
was
recorded
by
extracts,
respectively,
but
no
L.
monocytogenes
P.
mirabilis
documented.
These
findings
highlighted
efficacy
derived
Greek
herbs,
suggesting
application
pharmaceutical
industry
natural
antimicrobials
biofilm
inhibitors.
IUBMB Life,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
77(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Black
Meristematic
Fungi
(BMF)
are
characterized
by
a
thick
melanized
cell
wall
and
an
isodiametric
cellular
expansion.
BMF
represent
one
of
the
most
damaging
groups
microorganisms
causing
deterioration
outdoor
exposed
stone
monuments
mainly
due
to
formation
dark
spots
patches
leading
darkening
their
surface,
cracking,
bio-pitting.
among
stress-resistant
organisms
on
Earth,
known
for
remarkable
ability
withstand
solar
radiation,
desiccation,
extreme
temperature
fluctuations,
which
has
led
widespread
distribution
across
globe.
These
features
make
very
difficult
remove
restrict,
representing
challenge
restorers.
Despite
number
scientific
works
about
isolation
ecology,
little
is
response
antimicrobial
treatments.
Conventional
biocides
remain
used
treatment
control
biodeterioration
artworks.
In
recent
years,
interest
in
alternative
safer
treatments
risen
conservation
strategies.
The
efficacy
against
evaluated
is,
however,
still
low.
aim
this
review
assess
existing
studies
regarding
both
conventional
innovative
This
will
encompass
in-depth
examination
methodologies
application
evaluation
Furthermore,
we
highlight
future
research
directions
that
contribute
more
informed
selection
effective
anti-BMF
interventions
preservation.
We
underscore
significance
pioneering,
environmentally
low-impact
solutions.