The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(9), P. 3561 - 3589

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

An exponential rise in the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is among most consequential impacts of climate change terrestrial ecosystems. Rising VPD has negative and cascading effects on nearly all aspects plant function including photosynthesis, water status, growth survival. These responses are exacerbated by land-atmosphere interactions that couple to soil govern evolution drought, affecting a range ecosystem services carbon uptake, biodiversity, provisioning resources crop yields. However, despite global nature this phenomenon, research how incorporate these into resilient management regimes largely its infancy, due part entanglement trends with those other co-evolving drivers. Here, we review mechanistic bases at spatial scales, paying particular attention independent interactive influence context environmental changes. We then evaluate consequences within key contexts, resources, croplands, wildfire risk mitigation natural grasslands forests. conclude recommendations describing could be altered mitigate otherwise highly deleterious rising VPD.

Language: Английский

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Reviews and syntheses: Variable inundation across Earth's terrestrial ecosystems

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 995 - 1034

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Abstract. The structure, function, and dynamics of Earth's terrestrial ecosystems are profoundly influenced by how often (frequency) long (duration) they inundated with water. A diverse array natural human-engineered systems experience temporally variable inundation whereby fluctuate between non-inundated states. Variable spans extreme events to predictable sub-daily cycles. Variably (VIEs) include hillslopes, non-perennial streams, wetlands, floodplains, temporary ponds, tidal systems, storm-impacted coastal zones, systems. VIEs in terms regimes, water chemistry flow velocity, soil sediment properties, vegetation, many other properties. spatial temporal scales vast, ranging from sub-meter whole landscapes sub-hourly multi-decadal. broad range system types makes it challenging predict the hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecology, physical evolution VIEs. Despite all experiencing loss gain an overlying column, rarely considered together conceptual, theoretical, modeling, or measurement frameworks approaches. Studying has potential generate mechanistic understanding that is transferable across a much broader environmental conditions, relative knowledge generated studying any one VIE type. We postulate enhanced transferability will be important for predicting changes function response global change. Here we aim catalyze cross-VIE science studies drivers impacts To this end, complement expert mini-reviews eight major overviews VIE-relevant methods challenges associated scale. conclude perspectives on can derive via unifying conceptual models which studied multi-dimensional space.

Language: Английский

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Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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BioRT‐HBV 1.0: A Biogeochemical Reactive Transport Model at the Watershed Scale

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12)

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Abstract Reactive Transport Models (RTMs) are essential tools for understanding and predicting intertwined ecohydrological biogeochemical processes on land in rivers. While traditional RTMs have focused primarily subsurface processes, recent watershed‐scale integrated interactions between surface subsurface. These emergent, often spatially explicit require extensive data, computational power, expertise. There is however a pressing need to create parsimonious models that minimal data accessible scientists with limited background. To end, we developed BioRT‐HBV 1.0, watershed‐scale, hydro‐biogeochemical RTM builds upon the widely used, bucket‐type HBV model known its simplicity requirements. uses conceptual structure hydrology output of simulate including advective solute transport reactions depend reaction thermodynamics kinetics. include, example, chemical weathering, soil respiration, nutrient transformation. The time series weather (air temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration) initial conditions water, soils, rocks as input, times rates concentrations waters This paper presents governing equations demonstrates utility examples simulating carbon nitrogen headwater catchment. As shown examples, can be used illuminate dynamics invisible, arduous‐to‐measure subsurface, their influence observed stream or river chemistry export. With easy‐to‐use graphical user interface, useful research tool users without in‐depth training. It additionally serve an educational promotes pollination ideas across disciplines foster diverse, equal, inclusive community.

Language: Английский

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Forest density and snowpack stability regulate root zone water stress and percolation differently at two sites with contrasting ephemeral vs. stable seasonal snowpacks

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 624, P. 129915 - 129915

Published: July 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Aerodynamic effects cause higher forest evapotranspiration and water yield reductions after wildfires in tall forests

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Abstract Wildfires are increasing in frequency, intensity, and extent globally due to climate change they can alter forest composition, structure, function. The destruction subsequent regrowth of young vegetation modify the ecosystem evapotranspiration downstream water availability. However, response recovery on hydrology is not well known with even sign yield changes following fires being uncertain across globe. Here, we quantify effects after catastrophic wildfires runoff world's tallest angiosperm ( Eucalyptus regnans ) Australia. We combine eddy covariance measurements including pre‐ post‐fire periods, mechanistic ecohydrological modeling then extend analysis spatially multiple eucalypt‐dominated forests south‐eastern Australia by utilizing remote sensing. find a fast which reaches exceeds pre‐fire values within 2 years bushfire, result confirmed data, sensing, modeling. Such likely generalizable tall eucalypt as shown Once variability discounted, shows rates from recovering reach peak +20% 3 post‐fire. As result, modeled decreases substantially. Contrary previous research, that increase largely caused aerodynamic much shorter height leading higher surface temperature, humidity gradients therefore increased transpiration. increases constrained energy limitations. Our an warming could occur many parts world experiencing disturbances.

Language: Английский

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BioRT-HBV 1.0: a Biogeochemical Reactive Transport Model at the Watershed Scale

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Reactive Transport Models (RTMs) are essential for understanding and predicting intertwined ecohydrological biogeochemical processes on land in rivers. While traditional RTMs have focused primarily subsurface processes, recent integrate hydrological interactions between surface subsurface. These emergent, watershed-scale often spatially explicit require large amount of data extensive computational expertise. There is however a pressing need to create parsimonious models that less accessible scientists with background. Here we introduce BioRT-HBV 1.0 (hereafter BioRT), watershed-scale, hydro-biogeochemical model builds upon the widely used, bucket-type HBV (Hydrologiska Bryåns Vattenavdelning), known its simplicity minimal requirements. BioRT uses conceptual structure hydrology output simulate including solute transport reactions driven by reaction thermodynamics kinetics. include, example, chemical weathering, soil respiration, nutrient transformation. This paper presents governing equations, demonstrates utility examples simulating carbon nitrogen headwater catchment. As shown examples, when constrained data, can be used illuminate dynamics invisible, arduous-to-measure subsurface, their connections observed export streams We posit such increase accessibility users without in-depth training. It also serve as an educational tool promote pollination ideas across different fields foster more diverse, equal, inclusive user community.

Language: Английский

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Drought risk in Moldova under global warming and possible crop adaptation strategies

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1538(1), P. 144 - 161

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract This study analyzes the relationship between drought processes and crop yields in Moldova, together with effects of possible future climate change on crops. The severity is analyzed over time Moldova using Standard Precipitation Index, Standardized Evapotranspiration their yields. In addition, rainfall variability its are examined spectral analysis squared wavelet coherence. Observed station data (1950–2020 1850–2020), ERA5 reanalysis (1950–2020), model simulations (period 1970–2100) used. Crop yield (maize, sunflower, grape), from experimental plots (wheat), Enhanced Vegetation Index Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellites were also Results show that although meteorological droughts has decreased last 170 years, impact precipitation deficits different increased, concurrent a sharp increase temperature, which negatively affected Annual crops now more vulnerable to natural and, years characterized by deficits, possibility reductions increases due temperature. Projections reveal pessimistic outlook absence adaptation, highlighting urgency developing new agricultural management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Forest Dieback on Hydrology and Nitrogen Export Using a New Dynamic Water Quality Model

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Forest status is crucial for catchment hydrology and water quality but increasingly disturbed by human activities climatic factors. Therefore, it urgently necessary to develop models that can adapt these changes. This study used a new dynamic Hydrological Predictions the Environment (HYPE) model assess effect of rapid continuous forest changes on nitrogen export. The modified HYPE was implemented 25 years period in Große Ohe Germany, which has experienced severe dieback recovery. Due stochastic nature infestation events, data covering entire process change are rare. performed well at different scales discharge dissolved inorganic (DIN) It able (a) capture timing peak flows seasonal DIN concentration dynamics (b) reflect initial increase subsequent decrease trend export accordance with regeneration. after primarily resulted from reduced uptake increased soil availability tree residues. difference runoff increment or without regeneration highlights importance restoring quality. Additionally, residue removal implies impact sound post‐disturbance management strategies. modeling under changing forests enhance analysis effectively support management.

Language: Английский

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Critical zone science in the Western US—Too much information?

Frontiers in Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Exponentially growing publication rates are increasingly problematic for interdisciplinary fields like Critical Zone (CZ) science. How does one “keep up” across different, but related with unique hypotheses, field techniques, and models? By surveying CZ academics in the Western US, a region substantial research, we document challenge. While conventional knowledge synthesis products-particularly review papers clearly support transfer, they static limited scope. More informal paths including social networking at conferences academic mentorship, useful unstructured young scientists or others who may not have access to these resources. new machine-learning tools, ChatGPT, offer ways forward synthesis, argue that do necessarily solve problem of information overload Science. Instead, what need is community driven, machine aided tool evolves connects, preserves richness detail found peer-reviewed papers. The platform would be designed by scientists, machine-aided built on strengths people-driven synthesis. involving scientist design this tool, it will better reflect practice science-including hypothesis generation, testing different time space scales periods locations, and, importantly, use evaluation multiple, often sophisticated methods fieldwork, remote sensing, modeling. We seek increases findability accessibility current working while communicating science practice.

Language: Английский

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