COVID-19 Pandemic, Climate Change, and Conflicts on Agriculture: A Trio of Challenges to Global Food Security

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 8280 - 8280

Published: May 19, 2023

Global food security is a worldwide concern. Food insecurity significant threat to poverty and hunger eradication goals. Agriculture one of the focal points in global policy agenda. Increases agricultural productivity through incorporation technological advances or expansion cultivable land areas have been pushed forward. However, production growth has slowed many parts world due various endemic challenges, such as decreased investment research, lack infrastructure rural areas, increasing water scarcity. Climate change adversities agriculture are increasing. Recently, COVID-19 pandemic severely affected supply chains. Economic social instability from contribute long-term disturbances. Additionally, conflicts war directly affect by environmental degradation, violence, breaches national international trade agreements. A combination climate challenges along with increased among nations post-COVID-19 economic issues bring bigger more serious threats agriculture. This necessitates strategic design policies multifaceted fields regarding systems. In this comprehensive review, we explore how these three challenging factors, COVID-19, change, conflicts, interrelated, they security. We discuss impact on sector, plus possible ways preventing overcoming adverse effects.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing crop diversity for food security in the face of climate uncertainty

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(2), P. 402 - 414

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Global agriculture is dominated by a handful of species that currently supply huge proportion our food and feed. It additionally faces the massive challenge providing for 10 billion people 2050, despite increasing environmental deterioration. One way to better plan production in face current continuing climate change understand how domestication these crops included their adaptation environments were highly distinct from those centre origin. There are many prominent examples this, including development temperate Zea mays (maize) alteration day-length requirements Solanum tuberosum (potato). Despite pre-eminence some 15 crops, more than 50 000 edible, with 7000 considered semi-cultivated. Opportunities afforded next-generation sequencing technologies alongside other methods, metabolomics high-throughput phenotyping, starting contribute characterization species. Moreover, first de novo have appeared, whereby key target genes modified wild order confer predictable traits agronomic value. Here, we review scale challenge, drawing extensively on past suggest informed strategies upon which breeding future climate-resilient can be based.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR-Based Crop Improvements: A Way Forward to Achieve Zero Hunger

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(30), P. 8307 - 8323

Published: July 21, 2021

Zero hunger is one of the sustainable development goals set by United Nations in 2015 to achieve global food security 2030. The current harvest crops insufficient; feeding world's population and meeting goal zero 2030 will require larger more consistent crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) technology widely used for plant genome editing. In this review, we consider as a potential tool achieving hunger. We provide comprehensive overview CRISPR-Cas its most important applications crops' improvement. also conferred technological breakthroughs that help breeding future end regulatory aspects deploying commercial sectors, bioethics, production transgene-free plants are discussed. hope system accelerate improved cultivars compared with conventional pave way toward goal.

Language: Английский

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Breeding future crops to feed the world through de novo domestication

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 4, 2022

By the end of this century, a 50% increase in agricultural productivity is required to feed world. Recent studies have demonstrated de novo domestication wild plants as new crop breeding strategy meet future food challenges.

Language: Английский

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Genetic manipulation for abiotic stress resistance traits in crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Abiotic stresses are major limiting factors that pose severe threats to agricultural production. Conventional breeding has significantly improved crop productivity in the last century, but traditional reached its maximum capacity due multigenic nature of abiotic stresses. Alternatively, biotechnological approaches could provide new opportunities for producing crops can adapt fast-changing environment and still produce high yields under environmental stress conditions. Many stress-related genes have been identified manipulated generate stress-tolerant plants past decades, which lead further increase food production most countries world. This review focuses on recent progress using transgenic technology gene editing improve tolerance plants, highlights potential genetic engineering secure fiber supply a world with an increasing population yet decreasing land water availability climate will be largely hostile agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Rice biofortification: breeding and genomic approaches for genetic enhancement of grain zinc and iron contents

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 2, 2023

Rice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world. Preference and consumption polished have increased manifold, resulted loss inherent nutrition. The prevalence micronutrient deficiencies (Zn Fe) are major human health challenges 21 st century. Biofortification staples sustainable approach to alleviating malnutrition. Globally, significant progress has been made enhancing grain Zn, Fe, protein. To date, 37 biofortified Protein Provitamin A rich varieties available commercial cultivation (16 from India rest world; Fe > 10 mg/kg, Zn 24 protein 10% as target while 28 mg/kg international target). However, understanding genetics, mechanisms uptake, translocation, bioavailability prime areas that need be strengthened. successful development these lines through integrated-genomic technologies can accelerate deployment scaling future breeding programs address key malnutrition hidden hunger.

Language: Английский

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Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plant Breeding

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 918 - 935

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 system (Cas9) has been used at length to optimize multiple aspects of germplasm resources. However, large-scale genomic research indicated that novel variations in crop plants are attributed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, substituting single bases into a plant genome may produce desirable traits. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques frequently results insertions-deletions (indels). Base allows precise changes the absence double-strand breaks (DSBs) and donor repair templates (DRTs). BEs have provided new way thinking about editing, base currently being utilized edit genomes many different organisms. As traditional breeding modern molecular technologies complement each other, various emerged. How realize greater potential BE applications is question we need consider. Here, explain editings such as CBEs, ABEs, CGBEs. In addition, latest agriculture summarized, including yield, quality, disease, herbicide resistance. Finally, challenges future prospects presented. aim provide comprehensive overview application further improve make most its value.

Language: Английский

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Genomic insight into the origin, domestication, dispersal, diversification and human selection of Tartary buckwheat

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Abstract Background Tartary buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum , is a pseudocereal crop with worldwide distribution and high nutritional value. However, the origin domestication history of this remain to be elucidated. Results Here, by analyzing population genomics 567 accessions collected reviewing historical documents, we find that buckwheat originated in Himalayan region then spread southwest possibly along migration Yi people, minority Southwestern China has long planting buckwheat. Along expansion Mongol Empire, dispersed Europe ultimately rest world. The different natural growth environments resulted adaptation, especially significant differences salt tolerance between northern southern Chinese populations. By scanning for selective sweeps using genome-wide association study, identify genes responsible differentiation, which experimentally validate. Comparative QTL analysis further shed light on genetic foundation easily dehulled trait particular variety was artificially selected Wa group known cultivating specifically steaming as staple food prevent lysine deficiency. Conclusions This study provides both comprehensive insights into of, molecular breeding for,

Language: Английский

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Genetics, genomics, and breeding of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Black gram [ Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a highly nutritious grain legume crop, mainly grown in South and Southeast Asia, with the largest area India, where crop challenged by several biotic abiotic stresses leading to significant yield losses. Improving genetic gains increase on-farm yields primary goal of black breeding programs. This could be achieved developing varieties resistant major diseases like mungbean yellow mosaic disease, urdbean leaf crinkle virus, Cercospora spot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, insect pests such as whitefly, cowpea aphids, thrips, stem flies, bruchids. Along increasing yields, incorporating market-preferred traits ensures adoption improved varieties. programs rely upon limited number parental lines, narrow base developed For accelerating gain, there an urgent need include more diverse material for improving better adaptability stress resistance populations. The present review summarizes importance gram, stresses, available genomic resources, potential improvement, their inheritance, approaches being used development new

Language: Английский

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CRISPR–Cas applications in agriculture and plant research

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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