Epigenetics for Crop Improvement in Times of Global Change

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 766 - 766

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Epigenetics has emerged as an important research field for crop improvement under the on-going climatic changes. Heritable epigenetic changes can arise independently of DNA sequence alterations and have been associated with altered gene expression transmitted phenotypic variation. By modulating plant development physiological responses to environmental conditions, diversity—naturally, genetically, chemically, or environmentally induced—can help optimise traits in era challenged by global climate change. Beyond variation, modifications may contribute breeding providing useful markers allowing use epigenome diversity predict performance increase final production. Given difficulties transferring knowledge mechanisms from model plants crops, various strategies emerged. Among those are modelling frameworks dedicated predicting epigenetically controlled-adaptive traits, epigenetics vitro regeneration accelerate breeding, specific marks that modulate interest. The key challenge agriculture faces 21st century is production speeding up resilient species. Therefore, provides fundamental molecular information potential direct applications enhancement, tolerance, adaptation within context

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Epigenetic Alphabet Involved in Transgenerational Stress Memory in Crops

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 7118 - 7118

Published: July 1, 2021

Although epigenetic modifications have been intensely investigated over the last decade due to their role in crop adaptation rapid climate change, it is unclear which changes are heritable and therefore transmitted progeny. The identification of marks that next generations primary importance for use breeding development new cultivars with a broad-spectrum tolerance/resistance abiotic biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss general aspects plant responses environmental stresses provide an overview recent findings on transgenerational crops. addition, take opportunity describe aims EPI-CATCH, international COST action consortium composed by researchers from 28 countries. aim launched 2020 is: (1) define standardized pipelines methods used study mechanisms plants, (2) update, share, exchange (3) develop concepts frontiers epigenetics epigenomics, (4) enhance dissemination, communication, transfer knowledge epigenomics.

Language: Английский

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Maintenance of abiotic stress memory in plants: Lessons learned from heat acclimation

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 187 - 200

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Abstract Plants acquire enhanced tolerance to intermittent abiotic stress by employing information obtained during prior exposure an environmental disturbance, a process known as acclimation or defense priming. The capacity for memory is critical feature in this process. number of reports related plant (PSM) has recently increased, but few studies have focused on the mechanisms that maintain PSM. Identifying components involved maintaining PSM difficult due part lack clear criteria recognize these components. In review, based what been learned from genetic heat memory, we propose identifying regulatory networks We provide examples circuits formed effectors and regulators also highlight strategies assessing PSMs, update progress understanding maintenance, perspectives further development exciting research field.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Microbes in Plant Immunity and Priming Induced Inheritance: A Sustainable Approach for Crop protection

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100072 - 100072

Published: March 7, 2022

Food security has become the most challenging task in current scenario of population growth and future perspective everchanging environment. Cultivation management plants is now a major challenge for modern food production, which further compounded by lack common background among many disease control disciplines. All crop simultaneously engage with billions microbes from their surroundings, are harmless rather beneficial to plant as they promote provide protection opposition diseases. However, few species-specific adapted cause diseases devastating effects on yields. To prevent pathogen infection, have evolved an innate immune system that recognises conserved cell surface molecules species possess. Activation ceases non-adapted invasion, but this comes fitness cost significantly reduces leads yield penalty. Apart systems controlling pre-programmed defence reactions, can also increase responsiveness response selected environmental signals. This phenomenon known "defence priming". The costs priming lower than those constitutively activated defences, suggesting functions ecological adaptation respond faster hostile Although rarely provides full protection, its broad spectrum effectiveness, long-lasting durability, inheritance generations make it attractive integrated management.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic regulation of DNA methylation and histone modifications in response to abiotic stresses in plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 64(12), P. 2252 - 2274

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

DNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes in plants. Dynamic changes gene levels can result from modifications. In last two decades, how machinery regulates stress responses plants has been extensively studied. Here, based on recent publications, we review impact response to stresses such as drought, abscisic acid, high salt, extreme temperature, nutrient deficiency or toxicity, ultraviolet B exposure. We also roles mechanisms formation transgenerational memory. posit a better understanding underpinnings may facilitate design more stress-resistant -resilient crops, which is essential coping with global warming environments.

Language: Английский

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Inducible epigenome editing probes for the role of histone H3K4 methylation in Arabidopsis heat stress memory

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 189(2), P. 703 - 714

Published: March 11, 2022

Abstract Histone modifications play a crucial role in the integration of environmental signals to mediate gene expression outcomes. However, genetic and pharmacological interference often causes pleiotropic effects, creating urgent need for methods that allow locus-specific manipulation histone modifications, preferably an inducible manner. Here, we report system epigenome editing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using heat-inducible dCas9 target JUMONJI (JMJ) H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase domain locus interest. As model locus, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) shows transcriptional memory after heat stress (HS), correlating with H3K4 hyper-methylation. We show dCas9–JMJ is targeted HS-dependent manner APX2 HS-induced overaccumulation trimethylation (H3K4me3) decreases when binds locus. This results reduced HS-mediated at Targeting enzymatically inactive JMJ protein analogous affected less than active protein; however, still observed decrease methylation levels. Thus, targeting was effective reducing effect not fully dependent on enzyme activity eraser domain, fusion may act part independently its activity. underlines caution design interpretation studies. expect our versatile be especially useful studying temporal dynamics chromatin modifications.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic processes in plant stress priming: Open questions and new approaches

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 102432 - 102432

Published: July 29, 2023

Priming reflects the capacity of plants to memorise environmental stress experience and improve their response recurring stress. Epigenetic modifications in DNA associated histone proteins may carry short-term long-term memory same plant or mediate transgenerational effects, but evidence is still largely circumstantial. New experimental tools now enable scientists perform targeted manipulations that either prevent generate a particular epigenetic modification location genome. Such 'reverse epigenetics' approaches allow for interrogation causality between individual priming-induced role altering gene expression performance under Furthermore, combining site-directed manipulation with conditional cell-type specific promoters creates novel opportunities test engineer spatiotemporal patterns priming.

Language: Английский

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From environmental responses to adaptation: the roles of plant lncRNAs

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195(1), P. 232 - 244

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Abstract As sessile organisms, plants are continuously exposed to heterogeneous and changing environments constantly need adapt their growth strategies. They have evolved complex mechanisms recognize various stress factors, activate appropriate signaling pathways, respond accordingly by reprogramming the expression of multiple genes at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, even epigenome levels tolerate stressful conditions such as drought, high temperature, nutrient deficiency, pathogenic interactions. Apart from protein-coding genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerged key players in plant adaptation environmental stresses. transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides without potential. Still, they appear regulate a wide range processes, including epigenetic modifications chromatin reorganization, well transcriptional post-transcriptional modulation gene expression, allowing LncRNAs can positively or negatively modulate responses, affecting processes hormone signaling, temperature tolerance, deficiency adaptation. Moreover, also seem play role memory, wherein prior exposure mild enhances ability subsequent conditions. In this review, we summarize contribution lncRNAs biotic abiotic stresses, memory. The evolutionary conservation is discussed provides insights into future research directions field.

Language: Английский

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Epigenome editing for targeted DNA (de)methylation: a new perspective in modulating gene expression

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(1-2), P. 69 - 98

Published: March 3, 2024

Traditionally, it has been believed that inheritance is driven as phenotypic variations resulting from changes in DNA sequence. However, this paradigm challenged and redefined the contemporary era of epigenetics. The methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA biogenesis, chromatin remodeling play crucial roles genomic functions regulation gene expression. More importantly, some these are inherited to next generations a part epigenetic memory significant sum total all bases, proteins, ncRNA biogenesis constitutes epigenome. Continuous progress deciphering regulations existence heritable epigenetic/epiallelic associated with trait interest enables deploy epigenome editing tools modulate methylation marks can be utilized for manipulation Initially, genome/epigenome technologies relied on zinc-finger protein or transcriptional activator-like effector protein. discovery clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR)/deadCRISPR-associated 9 (dCas9) enabled more specific/efficient targeted (de)methylation. One major concerns off-target effects, wherein may unintentionally modify gene/regulatory element which cause unintended change/harmful effects. Moreover, germline cell raises several ethical/safety issues. This review focuses recent developments tools/techniques, technological limitations, future perspectives emerging technology therapeutics human diseases well plant improvement achieve sustainable developmental goals.

Language: Английский

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Stress memory in crops: what we have learned so far

Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 535 - 565

Published: March 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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