The Coordination of Pathways in Metazoans: An Integrated Framework

Biological Theory, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

The Spiral Model of Evolution: Stable Life Forms of Organisms and Unstable Life Forms of Cancers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9163 - 9163

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

If one must prioritize among the vast array of contributing factors to cancer evolution, environmental-stress-mediated chromosome instability (CIN) should easily surpass individual gene mutations. CIN leads emergence genomically unstable life forms, enabling them grow dominantly within stable form host. In contrast, stochastic mutations play a role in aiding growth population, with their importance depending on initial new system. Furthermore, many specific available can perform this function, decreasing clinical value any mutation. Since these forms respond treatment differently than ones, often escapes from drug by forming systems, which problems during for patients. To understand how diverse impact CIN-mediated macroevolution and genome integrity–ensured microevolution, concept two-phased evolution is used reconcile some major characteristics cancer, such as bioenergetic, unicellular, multicellular evolution. Specifically, spiral function model proposed, integrates historical evolutionary innovations conservation information management. Unlike normal organismal microevolutionary phase, where given species occupies location spiral, populations are highly heterogenous at multiple levels, including epigenetic levels. Individual cells occupy different levels positions leading supersystems mixed cellular that exhibit both macro microevolution. This analysis, utilizing karyotype define genetic networks system determine system, well considering mutation epigenetics modifiers amplification usage, explores high potential cancer. It provides new, unified understanding supersystem, encouraging efforts leverage dynamics develop improved options. Moreover, it offers historically contingent reconciles roles innovation through respectively.

Language: Английский

Biological Mechanisms Contradict AI Consciousness: The Spaces Between the Notes

Biosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105387 - 105387

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский