Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(12), P. 11148 - 11160
Published: May 31, 2024
Increasing
recycling
rates
of
plastic
waste
is
necessary
to
achieve
a
sustainable
and
climate-neutral
chemical
industry.
For
polyolefin
waste,
corresponding
60%
via
thermal
pyrolysis
the
most
promising
process.
However,
hydrocarbon
composition
these
oils
differs
from
conventional
fossil-based
feedstocks
as
they
are
heavier
more
unsaturated.
GC
×
GC-FID
prevalent
characterization
method
for
analysis
complex
mixtures
but
fails
discern
heavy
unsaturated,
aromatic
compounds.
An
up-and-coming
technique
fully
characterize
those
analytically
challenging
fractions
ultrahigh-resolution
Fourier-transform
ion
cyclotron
resonance
mass
spectrometry
(FT-ICR
MS)
coupled
with
soft
ionization
techniques,
such
atmospheric
pressure
photoionization
ionization.
In
this
work,
FT-ICR
MS
has
been
employed
analyze
both
real
PE
PP
postconsumer
oils,
which
allowed
provide
additional
insights
into
reaction
pathways
types.
identifies
hydrocarbons,
up
C85,
discerns
wide
range
polycyclic
hydrocarbons
seven
rings.
These
hepta-aromatics
were
not
found
in
PP,
only
revealed
penta-aromatics;
complies
mechanism
proposed
literature.
Moreover,
polypropylene
(PP)
oil
displayed
clear
signs
depolymerization
reactions
occurring
during
pyrolysis,
formation
olefins
diolefins.
Here,
identified
heavier,
highly
whereas
quantified
saturated
less
unsaturated
components.
observations
highlight
added
benefit
combining
data
completely
understand
pathways.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
913, P. 169436 - 169436
Published: Dec. 29, 2023
Due
to
the
'forever'
degrading
nature
of
plastic
waste,
waste
management
is
often
complicated.
The
applications
are
ubiquitous
and
inevitable
in
many
scenarios.
Current
global
plastics
production
ca.
3.5
MMT
per
year,
with
current
trend,
will
reach
25,000
by
2040.
However,
rapid
growth
manufacture
material's
inherent
resulted
accumulation
a
vast
amount
garbage.
recycling
rate
<10
%,
while
large
volumes
discarded
cause
environmental
ecological
problems.
Recycling
rates
for
vary
widely
region
type
plastic.
In
some
developed
countries,
around
20-30
developing
nations,
it
much
lower.
These
statistics
highlight
magnitude
problem
urgent
need
comprehensive
strategies
manage
more
effectively
reduce
its
impact
on
environment.
This
review
critically
analyses
past
studies
essential
efficient
techniques
turning
trash
into
treasure.
Additionally,
an
attempt
has
been
made
provide
understanding
upcycling
process,
3Rs
policy,
life-cycle
assessment
(LCA)
conversion.
advocates
pyrolysis
as
one
most
promising
methods
valuable
chemicals.
addition,
can
be
severely
impacted
due
uncontrollable
events,
such
Covid
19
pandemic.
chemical
certainly
bring
value
end-of-life
LCA
analysis
indicated
there
still
huge
scope
innovation
area
compared
mechanical
recycling.
formulation
policies
heightened
public
participation
could
play
pivotal
role
reducing
repercussions
facilitating
shift
towards
sustainable
future.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(5), P. 628 - 628
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
The
growing
environmental
impact
of
textile
waste,
fueled
by
the
rapid
rise
in
global
fiber
production,
underscores
urgent
need
for
sustainable
end-of-life
solutions.
This
review
explores
cutting-edge
pathways
waste
management,
spotlighting
innovations
that
reduce
reliance
on
incineration
and
landfilling
while
driving
material
circularity.
It
highlights
advancements
collection,
sorting,
pretreatment
technologies,
as
well
both
established
emerging
recycling
methods.
Smart
collection
systems
utilizing
tags
sensors
show
great
promise
streamlining
logistics
automating
pick-up
routes
transactions.
For
automated
technologies
like
near-infrared
hyperspectral
imaging
lead
way
accurate
scalable
separation.
Automated
disassembly
techniques
are
effective
at
removing
problematic
elements,
though
other
pretreatments,
such
color
finish
removal,
still
to
be
customized
specific
streams.
Mechanical
is
ideal
textiles
with
strong
mechanical
properties
but
has
limitations,
particularly
blended
fabrics,
cannot
repeated
endlessly.
Polymer
recycling-through
melting
or
dissolving
polymers-produces
higher-quality
recycled
materials
comes
high
energy
solvent
demands.
Chemical
recycling,
especially
solvolysis
pyrolysis,
excels
breaking
down
synthetic
polymers
polyester,
potential
yield
virgin-quality
monomers.
Meanwhile,
biological
methods,
their
infancy,
natural
fibers
cotton
wool.
When
methods
not
viable,
gasification
can
used
convert
into
synthesis
gas.
concludes
future
hinges
integrating
sorting
advancing
solvent-based
chemical
technologies.
These
innovations,
supported
eco-design
principles,
progressive
policies,
industry
collaboration,
essential
building
a
resilient,
circular
economy.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(1)
Published: Nov. 2, 2023
Abstract
Polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
recycling
is
crucial
for
mitigating
the
environmental
impact
of
PVC
wastes,
which
take
decades
to
decompose
in
landfills.
This
review
examines
current
state
processes,
focusing
on
challenges
and
future
research
opportunities.
It
explores
types
sources
including
post‐consumer,
industrial,
construction
wastes.
Conventional
methods
such
as
mechanical,
thermal,
chemical
are
discussed,
highlighting
their
advantages,
limitations,
successful
applications.
Furthermore,
recent
advances
recycling,
biological,
plasma‐assisted,
solvent‐based
explored,
considering
potential
benefits
challenges.
The
emphasizes
European
context
region
has
implemented
regulatory
initiatives
collaborations.
points
out
Circular
Economy
Action
Plan
directives
targeting
waste
management,
have
promoted
established
a
supportive
framework.
Challenges
technologies,
low
yield
high
energy
consumption,
identified.
calls
development
efficient
cost‐effective
along
with
improvements
infrastructure
consumer
awareness.
Assessing
economic
impacts,
significantly
reduces
greenhouse
gas
emissions
conserves
resources
compared
virgin
production.
include
job
creation
reduced
raw
material
costs.
Macromolecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
56(15), P. 5679 - 5697
Published: July 21, 2023
Plastics
offer
several
advantages,
but
their
production
and
disposal
processes
have
severe
environmental
implications.
To
overcome
these
issues,
there
is
a
need
to
switch
from
the
linear
circular
economy
by
recycling
plastic
waste
utilizing
renewable
resources
create
bioplastics.
However,
this
challenging
in
case
of
nonbiodegradable
polyolefins
(POs),
which
form
largest
fraction
produced
polymers
least
recycled
one.
Mechanical
recycling,
chemical
PO
bioplastics
are
three
pillars
economy.
Although
mechanical
an
environmentally
economically
viable
option,
it
often
results
degradation
downgrading
POs.
Nonetheless,
innovations
such
as
use
(nano)fillers
or
compatibilization
with
olefin
block
copolymers,
attempt
mitigate
issues.
Furthermore,
development
covalent
adaptable
networks
improves
properties
thermoplastics
provides
recyclable
elastomers.
If
fails
meet
desired
characteristics
recyclate
PO,
other
chemicals
potential
alternative.
retrieving
monomer
ideal
for
achieving
closed-loop
economy,
traditional
approaches
noncatalytic
POs
energy-intensive
lack
specificity.
This
has
been
tried
be
addressed
advancements
catalytic
approaches.
Finally,
biobased
polyolefins,
especially
those
through
emerging
nonbiochemical
approaches,
attractive
alternatives
that
can
integrated
into
existing
petrochemical
plants.
With
comprehensive
perspective
on
academic
industrial
researchers
field
better
contribute
more
sustainable
future.
Recycling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(3), P. 37 - 37
Published: May 6, 2024
This
review
article
gathers
the
most
recent
recycling
technologies
for
thermoset
and
thermoplastic
polymers.
Results
about
existing
experimental
procedures
their
effectiveness
are
presented.
For
polymers,
focuses
mainly
on
fibre-reinforced
polymer
composites,
with
an
emphasis
epoxy-based
systems
carbon/glass
fibres
as
reinforcement,
due
to
environmental
concerns
of
end-of-life
management.
Thermal
processes
(fluidised
bed,
pyrolysis)
chemical
(different
types
solvolysis)
discussed.
The
combined
(microwave,
steam,
ultrasonic
assisted
techniques)
extraordinary
attempts
(electrochemical,
biological,
ionic
liquids)
analysed.
Mechanical
that
leads
downgrading
materials
is
excluded.
Insights
also
given
upcycling
methodologies
have
been
implemented
until
now
reuse
fibres.
As
state-of-the-art
approach
common
matrices
presented,
together
appropriate
additivation
matrix
upcycling.
Mechanical,
chemical,
enzymatic
described,
among
others.
use
composites
quite
new,
thus,
achievements
With
all
above
information,
this
extensive
can
serve
a
guide
educational
purposes,
targeting
students
technicians
in
polymers
recycling.
