Melanin pigment derived from marine organisms and its industrial applications

Dyes and Pigments, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 110214 - 110214

Published: March 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global knowledge on the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

Advances in marine biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 286

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neuropeptide precursors and neuropeptides in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: a genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 20, 2019

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is a foodstuff with very high economic value in China, Japan and other countries south-east Asia. It at the heart of multibillion-dollar industry to meet demand for this product, aquaculture methods facilities have been established. However, there are challenges associated optimization reproduction, feeding growth non-natural environments. Therefore, we need learn more about biology A. japonicus, including processes such as aestivation, evisceration, regeneration albinism. One major classes molecules that regulate physiology behaviour animals neuropeptides, few bioactive peptides already identified japonicus. To facilitate comprehensive investigations neuropeptide function here analysed genomic transcriptomic sequence data proteomic identify precursors neuropeptides species. We 44 transcripts encoding or putative precursors, some instances derived from these were confirmed by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, analysis enabled identification location precursor genes on scaffolds linkage groups (chromosomes) determination gene structure. Many contain homologs bilaterian animals. Precursors thus far only echinoderms identified, L- F-type SALMFamides, AN others. several act modulators neuromuscular activity also identified. discovery large repertoire provides basis experimental studies investigate physiological roles signaling systems Looking ahead, may effects could be harnessed enable improvements economically important

Language: Английский

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Xenacoelomorph Neuropeptidomes Reveal a Major Expansion of Neuropeptide Systems during Early Bilaterian Evolution

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 35(10), P. 2528 - 2543

Published: Aug. 22, 2018

Neuropeptides are neurosecretory signaling molecules in protostomes and deuterostomes (together Nephrozoa). Little, however, is known about the neuropeptide complement of sister group Nephrozoa, Xenacoelomorpha, which together form Bilateria. Because members xenacoelomorph clades Xenoturbella, Nemertodermatida, Acoela differ extensively their central nervous system anatomy, reconstruction bilaterian complements may provide insights into relationship between evolution peptidergic signaling. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes seven acoels, four nemertodermatids, two Xenoturbella species using motif searches, similarity mass spectrometry phylogenetic analyses to characterize precursors receptors. Our comparison these repertoires with previously reported nephrozoan cnidarian sequences shows that majority annotated GPCRs cnidarians not orthologs specific receptors, suggests most systems evolved after cnidarian–bilaterian evolutionary split. This expansion more than 20 stem leading Bilateria predates complex organs architectures. From this ancient set neuropeptides, acoels show frequent losses correlate divergent anatomy. We furthermore detected emergence novel neuropeptides xenacoelomorphs along nemertodermatid acoel lineages, condensations. Together, our study provides fundamental early systems, will guide future functional comparative studies systems.

Language: Английский

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Aquaculture Breeding Enhancement: Maturation and Spawning in Sea Cucumbers Using a Recombinant Relaxin-Like Gonad-Stimulating Peptide

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 19, 2019

Wild sea cucumber resources have been rapidly exhausted and therefore there is an urgent need to develop approaches that will help restocking. Currently, a lack of information regarding the genes involved in reproductive processes. The neurohormone relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide (RGP) has identified as active stars (Asteroidea), which could also be present other echinoderm groups. In this study, RGP was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. A recombinant Holothuria scabra produced yeast Pichia pastoris mass spectrometry. To assess bioactivity, four levels purification were tested vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) bioassay. most pure form induced 98.56 ± 1.19% GVBD H. 89.57 leucospilota. Cruder still resulted some GVBD. Upon single injection into female scabra, head waving behavior followed spawning within 90-170 min. Spawned oocytes fertilized successfully, larvae settled developed juveniles. Our results provide key finding for development break-through new artificial breeding approach aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology of Vasopressin/ Oxytocin-Type Neuropeptide Signaling in Invertebrates

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 17, 2020

The identification of structurally related hypothalamic hormones that regulate blood pressure and diuresis (vasopressin, VP; CYFQNCPRG-NH2) or lactation uterine contraction (oxytocin, OT; CYIQNCPLG-NH2) was a major advance in neuroendocrinology, recognised the award Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1955. Furthermore, discovery central actions VP OT as regulators reproductive social behaviour humans other mammals has broadened interest these neuropeptides beyond physiology into psychology. VP/OT-type their G-protein coupled receptors originated common ancestor Bilateria (Urbilateria), with invertebrates typically having single neuropeptide cognate receptor. Gene/genome duplications followed by gene loss gave rise to variety number different vertebrate lineages. Recent advances comparative transcriptomics/genomics have enabled an ever-growing diversity invertebrate taxa, providing new opportunities gain insights evolution function Bilateria. Here we review invertebrates, roles regulation reproduction, feeding water/salt homeostasis emerging themes. For example, highlight recent reports oocyte maturation sea-squirt Ciona intestinalis, extraoral starfish Asterias rubens energy status dessication resistance ants. Thus, are pleiotropic physiological processes, evolutionarily conserved can be traced back Urbilateria. To deeper understanding it may necessary not only determine peptides but also characterise transcriptomic/proteomic/metabolomic profiles cells expressing precursors and/or within framework anatomically functionally identified neuronal networks. investigation wider range species is now needed if how when this ancient signalling system recruited diverse behavioural processes branches animal phylogeny contrasting environmental contexts.

Language: Английский

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Sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related genes in the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and their potential role in gonad maturation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Abstract The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an economically valuable marine species which distributed throughout the Asia–Pacific region. With natural population declining due to over fishing, aquaculture of this deemed necessary. Hence, it essential understand mechanisms regulating reproduction in order increase their populations. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens and progestogens, play important role most vertebrates several invertebrates. It has been proposed that cucumbers have same sex steroids as but steroidogenic pathway still unclear. In study, we demonstrated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) were present H. neural gonadal tissues . silico searches available transcriptome data identified 26 steroidogenesis-related genes. Comparative analysis encoded proteins for acute regulatory protein (HscStAR), CYP P450 10, 17 3A (HscCYP10, HscCYP17, HscCYP3A) hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (Hsc3β-HSD, Hsc17β-HSD) with other was performed confirm evolutionary conservation. Gene expression analyses revealed widespread tissue expression. Real-time PCR HscStAR , HscCYP10 Hsc3β-HSD, Hsc17β-HSD gene expressions similar those ovaries testes, increased during gonad maturation. HscCYP17 mRNA ovarian development its declined at late stages females continued high level males. HscCYP3A early development, not later ovaries, however remained low testes. Moreover, a confirmed following effect on vitellogenin (Vtg) ovary explant culture, showing upregulation Vtg level. Collectively, study existence echinoderm, well characterizing key genes associated pathway. We propose might also be identification biosynthetic enables future functional studies performed.

Language: Английский

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Biochemical, Anatomical, and Pharmacological Characterization of Calcitonin-Type Neuropeptides in Starfish: Discovery of an Ancient Role as Muscle Relaxants

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 8, 2018

Calcitonin (CT) is a peptide hormone released by the thyroid gland that regulates blood Ca2+ levels in mammals. The CT gene alternatively spliced, with one transcript encoding and another CT-like neuropeptide calcitonin-gene related (α-CGRP), which powerful vasodilator. Other CT-related peptides vertebrates include adrenomedullin, amylin intermedin, also act as smooth muscle relaxants. evolutionary origin of CT-type has been traced to bilaterian common ancestor protostomes deuterostomes (DH31) identified diuretic some insect species. However, little known about physiological roles other invertebrates. Here we characterized deuterostomian invertebrate – starfish Asterias rubens (Phylum Echinodermata). A precursor cDNA (ArCTP) was sequenced predicted structure (ArCT) derived from ArCTP confirmed using mass spectrometry. distribution mRNA ArCT investigated situ hybridization immunohistochemistry, respectively, revealing stained cells/processes nervous system, digestive system muscular organs, including apical tube feet. Investigation effects synthetic on vitro preparations feet revealed it acts relaxant, causing dose-dependent reversal acetylcholine-induced contraction. Furthermore, relaxant present whole-animal extracts species, Patiria pectinifera, an ortholog named PpCT. Consistent expression pattern A. rubens, RT-qPCR P. pectinifera PpCT more abundant radial nerve cords than tissues/organs analyzed. In conclusion, our findings indicate action relaxants may reflect evolutionarily ancient role neuropeptides can be back deuterostomes.

Language: Английский

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The neuropeptidomes of the sea cucumbers Stichopus cf. horrens and Holothuria scabra

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The Philippines is a renowned marine biodiversity hotspot, home to several sea cucumber species with unusual biological traits. Among these, Stichopus cf. horrens notable for its ability undergo rapid body wall liquefaction when stressed, coupled remarkable regenerative abilities. In contrast, Holothuria scabra has one of the most robust walls in cucumbers and thrives many regimes tropics. Despite their intriguing traits, neurobiology chemical diversity these remain underexplored. Neuropeptides are important components an animal's neurobiological toolkit that underlie various physiological behavioral processes. Thus, discovery neuropeptides crucial step understanding molecular underpinnings unique traits cucumbers. Leveraging throughput sensitivity tandem mass spectrometry, we obtained unbiased view endogenous peptidomes radial nerve cord tissues non-model species, H. S. horrens. this work, sequenced 60 mature peptides from were derived 22 precursor proteins, 43 originating 25 proteins nervous tissues. A total seven previously unannotated uncharacterized neuropeptide precursors identified, thereby expanding known animal repertoire. Furthermore, discovered consistent structural features based on type post-translational modifications while pushing forward potentially novel proteolytic processing sites during peptide maturation enriched flanking amino acid residues. Collectively, our results provide preliminary data expand echinoderm through discovery, paving way innovative solutions address global demand echinoderms.

Language: Английский

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Identification and characterization of neuropeptides in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 114716 - 114716

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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