Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Nov. 30, 2018
Calcitonin
(CT)/CT
gene-related
peptide
(CGRP)
family
peptides
(CT/CGRP
peptides)
including
CT,
CGRP,
adrenomedullin,
amylin,
and
CT
receptor-stimulating
have
been
identified
from
various
vertebrates
perform
a
variety
of
important
physiological
functions.
These
bind
to
two
types
receptors
receptor
(CTR)
CTR-like
(CLR).
Receptor
recognition
CT/CGRP
is
determined
by
the
heterodimer
between
CTR/CLR
activity-modifying
protein
(RAMP).
Comparative
studies
exclusively
performed
in
teleost
fishes
mammals
strongly
manifest
that
CGRP
system
containing
peptides,
their
receptors,
RAMPs
was
derived
common
ancestor.
In
addition,
are
also
inferred
invertebrate
species.
However,
evolutionary
process
invertebrates
remains
enigmatic.
this
review,
I
principally
summarize
deuterostomes,
highlighting
study
chordates
ascidians
amphioxi.
The
shows
similar
molecular
structure
function
with
vertebrate
has
ascidian,
Ciona
intestinalis.
Amphioxus,
Branchiostoma
floridae
possessed
three
one
receptor,
RAMP-like
proteins.
complex
formed
amphioxus
clarified.
Moreover,
superphylum
Ambulacraria,
which
close
Chordata.
Finally,
review
provides
potential
hypotheses
evolution
vertebrates.
Aquaculture Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36, P. 102117 - 102117
Published: April 26, 2024
This
study
investigated
the
impacts
of
salinity
stress
on
physiological
behavior,
respiratory
metabolism,
and
transcriptome
artificially
cultured
juvenile
Stichopus
monotuberculatus
(S.
monotuberculatus)
(with
a
body
weight
3.23
±
0.60
g).
S.
individuals
in
artificial
seawater
were
transferred
to
with
salinities
20‰,
30‰,
40‰
for
treatment.
The
behavior
was
observed,
their
ammonia
discharge
rates,
oxygen
consumption
oxygen/nitrogen
(O/N)
ratios
measured.
After
24
h
stress,
intestines
collected
sequencing.
results
showed
that
both
hyper-salinity
hypo-salinity
stresses
significantly
affected
status
monotuberculatus.
rates
group
(40‰)
(20‰)
remarkably
higher
than
those
control
(P<0.05),
O/N
two
groups
lower
(P<0.05).
Sequencing
identified
total
3840
differentially
expressed
genes
(DEGs)
from
salinity-stress
group.
GO
analysis
revealed
DEGs
mainly
enriched
biological
processes,
cellular
components,
molecular
functional
categories,
highest
enrichment
observed
metabolic
membranes,
binding,
catalytic
activities.
KEGG
different
secondary
pathways,
expressions
related
upregulated,
indicating
may
adapt
environments
through
various
regulatory
mechanisms.
verify
affects
metabolism
respond
by
increasing
protein
adopting
adaptation
Furthermore,
exhibits
stronger
tolerance
compared
ones.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Nov. 30, 2018
Calcitonin
(CT)/CT
gene-related
peptide
(CGRP)
family
peptides
(CT/CGRP
peptides)
including
CT,
CGRP,
adrenomedullin,
amylin,
and
CT
receptor-stimulating
have
been
identified
from
various
vertebrates
perform
a
variety
of
important
physiological
functions.
These
bind
to
two
types
receptors
receptor
(CTR)
CTR-like
(CLR).
Receptor
recognition
CT/CGRP
is
determined
by
the
heterodimer
between
CTR/CLR
activity-modifying
protein
(RAMP).
Comparative
studies
exclusively
performed
in
teleost
fishes
mammals
strongly
manifest
that
CGRP
system
containing
peptides,
their
receptors,
RAMPs
was
derived
common
ancestor.
In
addition,
are
also
inferred
invertebrate
species.
However,
evolutionary
process
invertebrates
remains
enigmatic.
this
review,
I
principally
summarize
deuterostomes,
highlighting
study
chordates
ascidians
amphioxi.
The
shows
similar
molecular
structure
function
with
vertebrate
has
ascidian,
Ciona
intestinalis.
Amphioxus,
Branchiostoma
floridae
possessed
three
one
receptor,
RAMP-like
proteins.
complex
formed
amphioxus
clarified.
Moreover,
superphylum
Ambulacraria,
which
close
Chordata.
Finally,
review
provides
potential
hypotheses
evolution
vertebrates.
