A review of reservoir damage during hydraulic fracturing of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs

Petroleum Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 384 - 409

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have gradually become the primary focus of hydrocarbon exploration as a result series significant discoveries in deep worldwide. These present unique challenges due to their burial depth (4500–8882 m), low matrix permeability, complex crustal stress conditions, high temperature pressure (HTHP, 150–200 °C, 105–155 MPa), coupled with salinity formation water. Consequently, costs associated exploitation development are exceptionally high. In reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is commonly used achieve stable production. During fracturing, substantial volume fluid injected into reservoir. However, statistical analysis reveals that flowback rate typically less than 30%, leaving majority trapped within Therefore, not only enhances reservoir permeability by creating artificial fractures but also damages fluids involved. The challenging "three-high" environment reservoir, characterized temperature, pressure, salinity, exacerbates conventional forms damage, including water sensitivity, retention fluids, rock creep, proppant breakage. addition, specific damage mechanisms come play, such decomposition at elevated temperatures diagenetic reactions HTHP conditions. Presently, foremost concern oil gas lies effectively assessing inflicted on these comprehending underlying mechanisms, selecting appropriate solutions. It's noteworthy existing studies primarily limited attention given lack systematic summaries. light this, our approach entails initially summarizing current knowledge pertaining types employed reservoirs. Subsequently, we delve examination processes caused context taking account characteristics in-situ stress. provide an overview research progress related high-temperature aqueous matrix, both natural fractures, sand-packed fractures. We conclude offering summary advancements future directions, which hold potential for facilitating efficient while mitigating damage.

Language: Английский

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Influence of reservoir physical properties on guar gum fracturing fluid damage in unconventional tight reservoirs

Physics of Fluids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Solid phase residue, fracturing fluid filtration, and incomplete backflow during hydraulic can easily cause damage to tight sandstone reservoir. Thus, it is necessary explore the relationship between physical properties of reservoirs caused by fluids. Based on identification reservoir properties, was studied core displacement, computerized tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that higher clay mineral content is, denser formed corresponding porosity permeability are lower. When rock relatively high, overall radius pore throat in shifts left under action gel breaking fluid, showing a decreasing trend. However, when low, frequency peak smaller size increases upwards. decline rate two types 9.91%–8.78% 15.85%–14.74%. rates 5.53%–5.84% 10.40%–9.94%. According NMR results, speculated small throats blocked or even disappear, while proportion larger decreases. this study provide theoretical reference for protection process reservoirs.

Language: Английский

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Reservoir Damage Induced by Water-Based Fracturing Fluids in Tight Reservoirs: A Review of Formation Mechanisms and Treatment Methods

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Supramolecular polymer-based gel fracturing fluid with a double network applied in ultra-deep hydraulic fracturing

Petroleum Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 1875 - 1888

Published: March 23, 2024

A gel based on polyacrylamide, exhibiting delayed crosslinking characteristics, emerges as the preferred solution for mitigating degradation under conditions of high temperature and extended shear in ultralong wellbores. High viscosity/viscoelasticity fracturing fluid was required to maintain excellent proppant suspension properties before gelling. Taking into account both cost potential damage reservoirs, polymers with lower concentrations molecular weights are generally preferred. In this work, supramolecular action integrated polymer, resulting a significant increase viscosity viscoelasticity synthesized polymer system. The double network gel, which is formed by combination system small quantity Zr-crosslinker, effectively resists while minimizing permeability reservoir. results indicate that weight 268 × 104 g/mol can achieve same at 0.4 wt% due interaction between polymers, compared 0.6 traditional (hydrolyzed 1078 g/mol). possessed 0.55 cm/min sedimentation rate wt%, whereas had 0.57 cm/min. comparison Zr-crosslinker concentration G′ 7.77 Pa, higher G' (9.00 Pa) could be only 0.1 greatly reduced amount residue after gel-breaking. 66 mPa s 2 h shearing, reached 27 s.

Language: Английский

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Gas Production and Sediment Response in Marine Hydrate Reservoirs after the Invasion of a Novel Fracturing Fluid

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Hydrate-bearing clayey-silty reservoirs in the South China Sea are characterized by weak cementation, low strength, and permeability. Therefore, enhancing hydrate extraction efficiency improving sediment deformation resistance through reservoir stimulation is essential. In this study, we developed a novel fracturing fluid (dual-enhanced slurry) aimed at gas production strength via hydraulic slurry injection. Conventional fluids typically weaken reduce invading formation. This study investigates following invasion of dual-enhanced during depressurization decomposition process, comparing results with noninvasion conditions laboratory experiments. The demonstrate significant increase invaded sediments, strengths reaching up to 5 times higher than those noninvaded sediments. Notably, strain rate sediments was significantly lower, reductions 48% compared Furthermore, peak can reach 1.68 that noninvasive condition, 1.36 without invasion. During decomposition, decreased increasing effective pressure but increased porosity. Additionally, as large amount permeability enhancer consolidating body discharged, 1.54 nondischarged samples, 3.4 samples. These findings highlight potential not only improve also provide insights into optimizing future techniques.

Language: Английский

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Conformance Control and Improved Oil Recovery Mechanism of Branched Preformed Particle Gel in Fractured Reservoirs Utilizing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The limited sweep improvement in fractured reservoirs has always been the key factor restricting enhancement of their recovery factor. Particle plugging agents have attracted widespread attention due to excellent performance strongly fractures. Among them, branched preformed particle gels (B-PPG) widely applied conformance treatment recent years because elasticity and deformability. Nevertheless, precise microscopic mechanism behind ability enhance oil improve conformational effect within cores remains enigmatic. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation B-PPG, encompassing static gel swelling evaluation, rheological property tests, dynamic injection experiments core samples, was conducted. Furthermore, impact varying permeabilities rates on efficacy B-PPG studied by combining low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) technology. Results showed that had outstanding water absorption capabilities, with multiple brine reaching 40 times. Post-swelling, also exhibited exceptional viscoelastic properties, achieving G′ value 70 Pa. Additionally, rate significantly affected efficiency strength B-PPG. LFNMR analysis confirmed that, at lower rates, penetrated deeper into matrix under high pressure. Meanwhile, it formed more robust zone core. particularly well-suited for permeability exceeding 0.1 × 10–3 μm2. However, an excessively low permeability, could inflict irreversible damage matrix, potentially hindering subsequent water-flooding operations. insight from research elucidated migration mechanisms offered theoretical support design strategies tailored reservoirs.

Language: Английский

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Efficiency of salinity-responsive ZnO/PEG nanocomposite on the immiscible fluid-fluid displacement and interface behavior in different formations

Journal of Molecular Liquids, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 428, P. 127462 - 127462

Published: April 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Investigation on flow resistance reduction and EOR mechanisms by activated silica nanofluids: Merging microfluidic experimental and CFD modeling approaches

Journal of Molecular Liquids, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 368, P. 120646 - 120646

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fracturing Fluid Polymer Thickener with Superior Temperature, Salt and Shear Resistance Properties from the Synergistic Effect of Double-Tail Hydrophobic Monomer and Nonionic Polymerizable Surfactant

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(13), P. 5104 - 5104

Published: June 29, 2023

To develop high-salinity, high-temperature reservoirs, two hydrophobically associating polymers as fracturing fluid thickener were respectively synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization with acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic (AMPS), nonionic polymerizable surfactant (NPS) and double-tail hydrophobic monomer (DHM). The ASDM (AM/AA/AMPS/NPS/DHM) ASD (AM/AA/AMPS/DHM) compared in terms of properties water dissolution, thickening ability, rheological behavior sand-carrying. results showed that could be quickly diluted within 6 min, 66.7% less than ASD. exhibited salt-thickening performance, the apparent viscosity 0.5 wt% reached 175.9 mPa·s 100,000 mg/L brine, 100.6% higher was 85.9 after shearing for 120 min at °C 170 s-1, 46.6% better performance viscoelasticity, shear recovery, thixotropy sand-carrying synergistic effect association linear entanglement greatly enhancing compactness spatial network structure enhanced. In general, great potential application extreme environmental conditions high salt temperatures.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Chemical Composition of Metal–Organic Crosslinker on the Properties of Fracturing Fluid in High-Temperature Reservoir

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 2798 - 2798

Published: June 12, 2024

To investigate the effect of chemical composition a metal–organic crosslinker on performances fracturing fluid in high-temperature conditions, four zirconium (Zr) crosslinkers and one aluminum–zirconium (Al-Zr) with polyacrylamide were used. The possessed same Zr concentration, but they differed component amounts order addition components, leading to different compositions crosslinkers. fluids prepared by tested compared terms properties rheological behavior, sand-carrying ability, microstructure, gel breaking characteristics. results showed that lactic acid, ethanediamine, sorbitol offered slowest viscosity development highest final acid ethanediamine crosslinker. sorbitol, exhibited faster crosslinking rate higher than crosslinker; density reactivity, resulting more sites strength fluid. Al-Zr-based better temperature shear resistance, viscoelasticity, recovery, ability Zr-based due synergistic aluminum ions. tertiary release gelation mechanism achieved resistance performance form continuous crosslinking, avoiding excessive dehydration reducing loss caused early damage. These indicated important factors determining fluids. Therefore, appropriate type could save costs without adding additional components required for reservoirs.

Language: Английский

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