Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Remarkable
progress
has
been
achieved
in
sepsis
treatment
recent
times,
the
mortality
rate
of
experienced
a
gradual
decline
as
result
prompt
administration
antibiotics,
fluid
resuscitation,
and
implementation
various
therapies
aimed
at
supporting
multiple
organ
functions.
However,
there
is
still
significant
room
for
improvement.
The
septic
patients,
22.5%,
unacceptably
high,
accounting
19.7%
all
global
deaths.
Therefore,
it
crucial
to
thoroughly
comprehend
pathogenesis
order
enhance
clinical
diagnosis
methods.
Here,
we
summarized
classic
mechanisms
progression,
activation
signal
pathways,
mitochondrial
quality
control,
imbalance
pro-and
anti-
inflammation
response,
diseminated
intravascular
coagulation
(DIC),
cell
death,
presented
latest
research
findings
each
mechanism
identify
potential
therapeutic
targets
within
mechanism.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 474 - 474
Published: March 7, 2024
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
characterized
by
resting
tremor,
bradykinesia,
rigidity,
and
postural
instability
that
also
includes
non-motor
symptoms
such
as
mood
dysregulation.
Dopamine
(DA)
the
primary
neurotransmitter
involved
in
this
disease,
but
cholinergic
imbalance
has
been
implicated.
Current
intervention
PD
focused
on
replenishing
central
DA,
which
provides
remarkable
temporary
symptomatic
relief
does
not
address
neuronal
loss
progression
of
disease.
It
well
established
nicotinic
receptors
(nAChRs)
can
regulate
DA
release
nicotine
itself
may
have
neuroprotective
effects.
Recent
studies
identified
nAChRs
nonneuronal
cell
types,
including
glial
cells,
where
they
inflammatory
responses.
Given
crucial
role
neuroinflammation
dopaminergic
degeneration
involvement
microglia
astrocytes
response,
provide
novel
therapeutic
target
prevention
and/or
treatment
PD.
In
review,
following
brief
discussion
PD,
we
focus
cells
and,
specifically,
their
pathology
treatment.
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
81, P. 103578 - 103578
Published: March 1, 2025
Cognitive
impairment
resulting
from
insufficient
sleep
poses
a
significant
public
health
concern,
particularly
in
children.
The
effects
and
mechanisms
of
choline
on
cognitive
caused
by
deprivation
are
unknown.
Chronic
is
induced
young
mice
this
study,
followed
feeding
diet
containing
11.36
g/kg
bitartrate.
Choline
supplementation
significantly
improves
spatial
learning
ability.
Functional
MRI
results
reveal
the
hippocampus
as
key
region
affected
deprivation,
where
notably
preserves
hippocampal
structural
integrity
enhanced
connectivity.
Additionally,
ameliorates
pathological
injury,
reduces
blood-brain
barrier
permeability
serum
brain
injury
biomarkers.
also
inflammation
oxidative
stress
biomarkers,
mitigates
microglial
activation
hippocampus,
which
synaptic
plasticity.
A
finding
changes
phospholipidomic
profile
along
with
function,
total
313
phospholipid
molecules
identified.
increases
levels
sub-classes
(particularly
PC),
strongly
correlated
reduced
neuroinflammation
well
improved
outcomes.
Furthermore,
there
similar
findings
some
such
PC
36:1,
O-33:0,
p-38:3,
PE
36:3,
p-42:4
PS
44:12.
These
highlight
that
alleviates
via
reducing
altering
profile.
This
study
suggests
could
develop
into
functional
food
or
medicine
ingredient
to
prevent
treat
disturbances,
children
adolescents.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
The
involvement
of
the
autonomic
nervous
system
in
regulation
inflammation
is
an
emerging
concept
with
significant
potential
for
clinical
applications.
Recent
studies
demonstrate
that
stimulating
vagus
nerve
activates
cholinergic
anti-inflammatory
pathway
inhibits
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
and
controls
inflammation.
α7
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptor
(α7nAChR)
on
macrophages
plays
a
key
role
mediating
effects
through
downstream
intracellular
mechanism
involving
inhibition
NF-κB
signaling,
which
results
suppression
cytokine
production.
However,
α7nAChR
other
aspects
immune
response,
including
recruitment
monocytes/macrophages
to
site
remained
poorly
understood.
We
observed
increased
mortality
α7nAChR-deficient
mice
(compared
wild-type
controls)
endotoxemia,
was
paralleled
reduction
number
monocyte-derived
lungs.
Corroborating
these
results,
fluorescently
labeled
monocytes
adoptively
transferred
WT
showed
significantly
diminished
inflamed
tissue.
deficiency
did
not
affect
monocyte
2D
transmigration
across
endothelial
monolayer,
but
it
decreased
migration
3D
fibrin
matrix.
In
vitro
analysis
major
adhesive
receptors
(L-selectin,
β1
β2
integrins)
chemokine
(CCR2
CCR5)
revealed
reduced
expression
integrin
αM
αX
macrophages.
Decreased
αMβ2
confirmed
labeled,
lungs
endotoxemic
mice,
indicating
α7nAChR-mediated
migration.
novel
macrophage
tissue,
indicates
important
new
aspect
responses
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Nov. 14, 2023
Myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion
(I/R)
injury
is
accompanied
by
an
imbalance
in
the
cardiac
autonomic
nervous
system,
characterized
over-activated
sympathetic
tone
and
reduced
vagal
nerve
activity.
In
our
preceding
study,
we
pioneered
development
of
magnetic
vagus
stimulation
(mVNS)
system.
This
system
showcased
precise
stimulation,
demonstrating
remarkable
effectiveness
safety
treating
myocardial
infarction.
However,
it
remains
uncertain
whether
mVNS
can
mitigate
I/R
its
specific
underlying
mechanisms.
this
utilized
a
rat
model
to
delve
into
therapeutic
potential
against
type
injury.Our
findings
revealed
that
treatment
led
reduction
infarct
size,
decrease
ventricular
fibrillation
(VF)
incidence
curbing
inflammatory
cytokine
release.
Mechanistically,
demonstrated
beneficial
effects
on
inhibiting
NLRP3-mediated
pyroptosis
through
M2AChR/OGDHL/ROS
axis.Collectively,
these
outcomes
highlight
promising
as
strategy
for
injury.
Annals of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
57(1)
Published: March 12, 2025
Background
Chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease
(COPD)
is
a
leading
cause
of
morbidity
and
mortality
among
the
elderly
in
China.
Genetic
predisposition
recognized
risk
factor
for
COPD,
with
CHRNA3
emerging
as
promising
candidate
gene
due
to
its
involvement
smoking
behavior
lung
function.
This
study
aimed
investigate
association
between
eight
SNPs
COPD
susceptibility
Chinese
population.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 802 - 802
Published: March 27, 2025
Background:
Gut
barrier
integrity
plays
a
crucial
role
in
the
pathogenesis
of
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
fatty
liver
disease
(MAFLD).
Electroacupuncture
(EA)
at
ST-36
can
ameliorate
inflammatory
responses
via
stimulating
α7
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptor
(α7nAChR),
but
whether
EA
is
effective
preserving
intestinal
MAFLD
has
not
been
exactly
illustrated.
This
investigation
explored
potential
protection
mechanisms
targeting
dismantled
gut
MAFLD.
Methods:
C57BL/6
mice
were
randomly
allocated
into
several
subgroups:
control
(CON),
high-fat
diet
(HFD),
HFD
with
EA,
and
α7nAChR
inhibitor
α-BGT,
HO-1
knockout
(KO).
Body
weight,
visceral
fat
index,
histopathological
examination
intestine
determined.
Serum
biological
indexes
evaluated
through
corresponding
kits.
Furthermore,
expressions
HO-1,
α7nAChR,
barrier-associated
proteins,
molecular
tissues
assessed
Western
blot,
RT-qPCR,
immunohistology,
or
immunofluorescence
examination.
Results:
treatment
decreased
body
index
gain
mitigated
function
injury
abnormal
lipid
indexes,
exhibiting
less
severity
hepatic
steatosis,
fibrosis,
inflammation
Lower
permeability,
epithelial
disruption,
upregulation
tight
junction
proteins
after
suggested
protective
effects
attenuating
dysfunction.
These
abolished
by
α-BGT
deletion.
Mechanistically,
markedly
enriched
expression
phosphorylated
p38
MAPK/NF-κB
activation,
which
was
lost
KO
treatment.
Conclusions:
The
may
be
attributed
to
preserved
barrier,
thereby
alleviating
systemic
preventing
subsequent
hits,
where
α7nAChR-mediated
HO-1/p38
pathway
maintain
homeostasis.
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 13, 2025
Sepsis
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
conditions
in
critical
care
medicine
and
characterized
by
a
high
incidence,
mortality,
poor
prognosis,
with
no
specific
treatment
currently
available.
The
pathogenesis
sepsis
complex
dysregulated
inflammatory
response
at
its
core.
If
initial
not
promptly
controlled,
patients
often
develop
multiple
organ
dysfunction
syndrome
or
die,
whereas
survivors
may
experience
post-sepsis
syndrome.
Regulation
central
autonomic
nervous
systems
essential
for
maintaining
homeostasis.
Among
these,
cholinergic
anti-inflammatory
pathway
(CAP)
has
been
extensively
studied
owing
to
significant
role
modulating
responses.
Recent
advancements
CAP-related
interventions
include
minimally
invasive
vagus
nerve
stimulation,
novel
α7nAchR-targeting
drugs,
serum
choline
acetyltransferase
cholinesterase,
acupuncture,
focused
ultrasound
stimulation
therapy.
This
review
primarily
discusses
advantages,
limitations,
therapeutic
prospects
these
approaches.
Additionally,
heart
rate
variability,
which
reflects
changes
system
function,
can
serve
as
an
indicator
assessing
functional
status
nerve.
In
summary,
modulation
responses
through
nerve-mediated
CAP
represents
potential
strategy
achieving
precision
sepsis.
Future
research
should
focus
on
conducting
high-quality
clinical
studies
CAP-based
therapies
context
sepsis-induced
dysregulation.
Incorporating
indicators
evaluate
function
further
elucidate
impact
dysregulation
body.