Organismal mucosal immunology: A perspective through the eyes of game theory DOI Creative Commons
Eduardo J. Villablanca

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

In complex organisms, functional units must interact cohesively to maintain homeostasis, especially within mucosal barriers that house diverse, specialized cell exposed constant environmental challenges. Understanding how homeostasis at is maintained and its disruption can lead autoimmune diseases or cancer, requires a holistic view. Although omics approaches systems immunology have become powerful tools, they are not without limitations; interpretations may reflect researchers' assumptions, even if other explanations exist. this perspective, I propose applying game theory concepts could help interpret data, offering fresh perspectives supporting the exploration of alternative scenarios. By framing immune system as network strategic interactions with multiple possible outcomes, theory, which analyzes decision-making processes, illuminate novel types functions, interactions, responses pathogens commensals, leading more comprehensive understanding diseases. addition, might encourage researchers consider broader range possibilities, reduce risk myopic thinking, ultimately enable refined complexity barriers. This perspective aims introduce complementary framework for immunologists, encouraging them incorporate these into data interpretation modeling.

Language: Английский

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by restoring SCFA production and regulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis in a microbiota-dependent manner DOI
Yu Zhang, Wenting Ji, Hailong Qin

et al.

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 349, P. 122829 - 122829

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Danggui Beimu Kushen Pill Alleviates Colitis-Induced Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the IL-6/IL-6R and IL-17A/IL-17RA Signaling Pathways DOI Creative Commons

Shuo Gong,

Ran Xu, Yuqing Wang

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 141 - 141

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Background/Objectives: Danggui Beimu Kushen pill (DBK) is a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. It has been used modern clinical ulcerative colitis (UC). Further research required to clarify underlying mechanisms. Methods: DBK compounds were analyzed using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A mouse model Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC was assess DBK. Network pharmacology identified targets UC, which validated by molecular docking simulations. Cytokine levels quantified ELISA. Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) employed explore Results: enhanced body weight colon length mice with DSS-induced colitis. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, IL-17A) notably decreased both serum tissues. analyses IL-6/IL-6R IL-17A/IL-17RA signaling pathways as crucial UC. Additional validation WB, IHC, IF demonstrated that alleviated suppressing IL-6/STAT3 IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB pathways. Conclusions: mitigates intestinal injury exerts therapeutic effects on inhibiting reduce inflammation. These findings provide significant insights into mechanism

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Histone deacetylase in inflammatory bowel disease: novel insights DOI Creative Commons
Chunxiao Li,

Shaobo Gu,

Yihong Zhang

et al.

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammation. Despite considerable efforts, IBD remains a heavy burden on society human health, with increasing morbidity. Posttranslational modification, especially histone acetylation, key process in controlling DNA transcriptional activity. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play vital role the mechanism of pathogenesis through nonhistone protein deacetylation. Herein, we present summary different categories HDACs as well HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) analyze inhibition alleviating along its mechanism, clinical potential HDACis treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
In vitro and in vivo effects of Centella asiatica on intestinal inflammatory models and identification of its bioactive components DOI Open Access
Hyun Young Shin,

Yeon Suk Kim,

Mi Yeun Joung

et al.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

The family Apiaceae (genus Centella) includes approximately 50 species, many of which are used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Traditionally, Centella asiatica has been widely as a medicinal herb Ayurvedic medicine. efficacy C. treating intestinal inflammation remains poorly explored. This study investigated the effects hot-water extract (CA-HE) on inflammation-induced epithelial cell lines and animal models. CA-HE effectively alleviated IL-1β-induced factors tight junction (TJ) proteins. In dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model colitis, oral administration induced no toxicological significantly major clinical symptoms colitis. Examination colon specimens revealed that prevented DSS-induced TJ-associated mice. Histopathological examination hematoxylin eosin- periodic acid-Schiff/Alcian blue-stained sections showed crypt destruction, submucosal edema, infiltration mucin secretion compared DSS group. Oral increased total levels short-chain fatty acids cecum feces. Finally, UHPLC-MS analysis predicted comprises five phenolic compounds (neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA), 3,5-DCQA 4,5-DCQA) one flavonoid (miquelianin) key bioactive components. Our results suggest could be an alternative candidate prevent inflammation. Furthermore, our findings provide foundational data for use component. © 2025 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Changes in T Lymphocytes and Cytokines After Anti-TNF Treatment in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Association with Response to Pharmacologic Therapy DOI Open Access
Paula Zapata-Cobo, Sara Salvador‐Martín, Sergio Gil-Manso

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3323 - 3323

Published: April 2, 2025

Failure of anti-TNF therapy is a real concern in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) owing to the limited therapeutic arsenal. Anti-TNF drugs modulate immune response, key driver chronic inflammation IBD. Accordingly, we analyzed changes frequency T-lymphocyte and cytokine levels after 6 weeks treatment identify potential biomarkers response drugs. We recruited 77 patients under 18 years age diagnosed IBD treated an drug. Using flow cytometry multiplex ELISA, 31 populations four cytokines. identified 10 T lymphocytes treatment. Naïve Tregs were associated primary drugs, while activated long-term response. Serum INF-γ decreased Crohn's (CD), but not those ulcerative colitis (UC). The memory CD8+ Type 2 Cytotoxic (Tc2) subset increased non-responders CD CD4+ Th17 cells UC. These findings could help us understand cellular regulation therapy, at higher risk failure, and, potentially, develop more personalized strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Pharmacological potential of natural medicine Astragali Radix in treating intestinal diseases DOI Open Access
Xiunan Wei,

Xiaohui Leng,

Junwei Liang

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 117580 - 117580

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Baicalin alleviates intestinal inflammation and microbial disturbances by regulating Th17/Treg balance and enhancing Lactobacillus colonization in piglets DOI Creative Commons
Shunfen Zhang, Chengzeng Luo, Kai Li

et al.

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Abstract Background Intestinal inflammation is a common and serious health problem in piglet production, especially enteritis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli ( E. ). This condition often leads to high mortality, slow weight gain, significant economic losses. Results In this study, we isolated an strain, SKLAN202302, from the colon of diarrheal piglets create intestinal model for evaluating protective effects baicalin. Piglets infected with exhibited reductions body weight, feed intake, small intestine length, ileal goblet cell count P < 0.05), along deteriorated morphology. However, baicalin supplementation resulted weights, morphology similar those control group. Notably, there was increase colonization Lactobacillus species, particularly Lactobacillus_reuteri , Lactobacillus_amylovorus Lactobacillus_johnii compared group 0.05). At metabolic transcriptional levels, infection increased inflammatory mediators, including eicosanoids (leukotriene F4, prostaglandin F1a, leukotriene E4, thromboxane B2, G2, PGH2), monosaccharides, TCA cycle intermediates (oxoglutaric acid, glutaric adipic citric isocitric acid) ileum. It also promoted expression genes related autoimmune diseases Th17 differentiation signaling pathway CTLA4 IFN-ALPHA-8 IL12RB2 TRAV3 TRAV16 FOS VEGFA ), as well factors. Conversely, not only counteracted these but enhanced presence metabolites such phospholipids [including lysoPC (P-18:1(9Z)/0:0), PC (17:0/0:0), (16:1(9Z)/0:0), (18:0/0:0), PA (10:0/i-16:0), (10:0/8:0)] amino acids. regulated within IL-17 IL4 CCL17 CXCL10 IFNG CXCL2 suggesting mechanism which mitigates -induced microbial disturbances. Subsequent flow cytometry analysis showed that numbers CD3 + Foxp3 cells, decreased IL-17A reduced Th17/Treg ratios. Baicalin restored parameters levels. Conclusions effectively alleviates disturbances enhancing beneficial colonization, counteracting regulating immune-related gene balance. These findings highlight baicalin’s potential alleviating inflammation. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Bile Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment DOI Creative Commons
Samantha Hsieh,

Arun Chandnani,

Siyan Cao

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2910 - 2910

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects about 7 million people worldwide, and new therapies are needed. Understanding the complex roles bile acids (BAs) play in IBD may lead to development of novel treatments independent direct immunosuppression. This review discusses latest discoveries BAs pathogenesis explores how these offer promising therapeutic targets treat improve patient outcomes. Several discussed include specific BA receptor (BAR) agonists, dietary therapies, supplements, probiotics, mesenchymal stem cell have all been shown decrease activity.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Non-genetic Causes of Th17/Treg Imbalance and its Impact on Systematic Autoimmune Diseases DOI Creative Commons

Zhengxu Tan

MedScien, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(7)

Published: June 6, 2024

Autoimmune is the situation that immune system loses self-tolerance and attacks tissues, causing inflammatory responses. Th17/Treg imbalance case quantity or efficacy of pro-inflammatory helper T cell Th17 greater than suppressive regulatory cell, which widely observed in autoimmune diseases. Research on initialized from discovering similarity between Treg development activation their critical transcriptional regulator RORγt Foxp3. In decades studies, researchers have successfully identified risk factors possible reasons inducing imbalance, including infection, diet, environment gut microbiota etc. Moreover, several trials treatment based knowledge been successful. However, though explanations leading to risen, detailed signalling pathways protein mechanisms remained unknown due complexity experimental proof. This review summarizes current researching progress understanding how matures compares differentiation. this explains role system, analyzes detrimental result for using some systematic diseases as examples. why other types hypersensitivity can prolong excluding genetic deficiency, discovers optimal targets ameliorate symptoms. Future studies should explain detail mechanism external cause still generates albeit sufficient conditions differentiation possess.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Current Status and Prospects of the Application of Mirikizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease DOI

远寿 马

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(06), P. 557 - 561

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0