Decoding Neurodegeneration: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12613 - 12613

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and Huntington's, remain formidable challenges in medicine, with their relentless progression limited therapeutic options. These diseases arise from a web of molecular disturbances-misfolded proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic mutations-that slowly dismantle neuronal integrity. Yet, recent scientific breakthroughs are opening new paths to intervene these once-intractable conditions. This review synthesizes the latest insights into underlying dynamics neurodegeneration, revealing how intertwined pathways drive course diseases. With an eye on most promising advances, we explore innovative therapies emerging cutting-edge research: nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems capable navigating blood-brain barrier, gene-editing tools like CRISPR designed correct harmful variants, stem cell strategies that not only replace lost neurons but foster neuroprotective environments. Pharmacogenomics is reshaping treatment personalization, enabling tailored align individual profiles, while diagnostics biomarkers ushering era early, precise disease detection. Furthermore, novel perspectives gut-brain axis sparking interest mounting evidence suggests microbiome modulation may play role reducing neuroinflammatory responses linked neurodegenerative progression. Taken together, advances signal shift toward comprehensive, personalized approach could transform care. By integrating techniques, this offers forward-looking perspective future where treatments aim just manage symptoms fundamentally alter progression, presenting renewed hope for improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Genomic and Transcriptomic Approaches Advance the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 135 - 135

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), Huntington’s (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), represent a growing societal challenge due to their irreversible progression significant impact on patients, caregivers, healthcare systems. Despite advances in clinical imaging-based diagnostics, these diseases are often detected at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Recent breakthroughs genomic transcriptomic technologies, including whole-genome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), CRISPR-based screens, have revolutionized field, offering new avenues for early diagnosis personalized prognosis. Genomic approaches elucidated disease-specific genetic risk factors molecular pathways, while studies identified stage-specific biomarkers that correlate with severity. Furthermore, genome-wide association (GWAS), polygenic scores (PRS), spatial transcriptomics enabling stratification patients based profiles prognostic trajectories. Advances functional genomics uncovered actionable targets, ATXN2 ALS TREM2 AD, paving way tailored strategies. achievements, challenges remain translating discoveries into practice heterogeneity complexity neurodegenerative pathophysiology. Future integration technologies holds promise transforming diagnostic paradigms, hope improved patient outcomes precision medicine approaches.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Role of Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Dysfunction: A Review of Current Knowledge

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 612 - 612

Published: April 23, 2025

Cardiometabolic risk and associated dysfunctions contribute largely to the recent rise in mortality globally. Advancements multi-omics years promise a better understanding of potential biomarkers that enable an early diagnosis cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, molecular mechanisms driving onset progression disorders remain poorly understood. Adipokines are adipocyte-specific cytokines central deleterious alterations. They exhibit both pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory effects, complicating their association with disturbances. Thus, adipokines from signaling perspective assumes great importance. This review presents comprehensive outline most prominent exhibiting and/or functions The also insight into pathophysiological implications such different dysfunction conditions, status adipokine druggability, future studies can be undertaken address existing scientific gap. A clear functional mechanistic role potentially improve our cardiovascular disease pathophysiology enhance current therapeutic regimen come.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Understanding Biomarkers and Treating Neurological Diseases -Role of the Cerebellar Dysfunction and Emerging Therapies

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102519 - 102519

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The role of inflammation in neurological disorders: a brief overview of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease’

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Neuroinflammation is a central feature in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including MS, AD, and PD. This review aims to synthesize current research on role inflammation these conditions, emphasizing potential inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosis treatment. We highlight recent findings mechanisms neuroinflammation, utility disease differentiation, implications therapeutic strategies. Advances understanding pathways offer promising avenues developing targeted interventions improve patient outcomes. Future should focus validating larger cohorts integrating them into clinical practice enhance diagnostic accuracy efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic clocks and gliomas: unveiling the molecular interactions between aging and tumor development

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 26, 2024

Gliomas, the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumors, represent a diverse group of malignancies originating from glial cells. These tumors account for significant tumor-related morbidity mortality, with higher incidence rates in North America Europe compared to Asia Africa. Genetic predispositions environmental factors, particularly ionizing radiation, critically impact glioma risk. Epigenetics, DNA methylation, plays pivotal role research, IDH-mutant gliomas showing aberrant methylation patterns contributing tumorigenesis. Epigenetic clocks, biomarkers based on predicting biological age, have revealed insights into aging tumor development. Recent studies demonstrate accelerated epigenetic gliomas, correlating increased cancer risk poorer outcomes. This review explores mechanisms their significance, application research. Furthermore, clinical implications clocks diagnosing, prognosticating, treating are discussed. The integration clock data personalized medicine approaches holds promise enhancing therapeutic strategies patient outcomes treatment.

Language: Английский

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Association between Scabies Treatment and Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1342 - 1342

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Scabies is typically treated with scabicides like lindane, which poses a risk for acute neural toxicity. Lindane's prolonged use, particularly in agriculture, linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common disorder. This study aimed evaluate whether scabies patients, those topical are at increased of developing PD.

Language: Английский

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Insights to aging prediction with AI based epigenetic clocks

Epigenomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Over the past century, human lifespan has increased remarkably, yet inevitability of aging persists. The disparity between biological age, which reflects pathological deterioration and disease, chronological indicative normal aging, driven prior research focused on identifying mechanisms that could inform interventions to reverse excessive age-related reduce morbidity mortality. DNA methylation emerged as an important predictor leading development epigenetic clocks quantify extent beyond what is typically expected for a given age. Machine learning technologies offer promising avenues enhance our understanding governing by further elucidating gap ages. This perspective article examines current algorithmic approaches clocks, explores use machine age estimation from methylation, discusses how refining interpretation ML methods tailoring their inferences specific patient populations cell types can amplify utility these in prediction. By harnessing insights learning, we are well-positioned effectively adapt, customize personalize aimed at aging.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Cellular Differentiation and the Development of Complex Diseases

Next frontier., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 199 - 199

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Epigenetic modifications play a pivotal role in cellular differentiation and the onset of complex diseases by regulating gene expression without altering underlying DNA sequence. Mechanisms such as methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling orchestrate transition from pluripotent stem cells to specialized cell types, ensuring tissue-specific functionality. This research delves into intricate interplay between these epigenetic regulators their involvement developmental processes. Moreover, it examines how aberrations landscapes contribute pathogenesis cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune conditions. By employing advanced techniques like single-cell epigenomics CRISPR-based editing, this study aims uncover novel biomarkers therapeutic targets. The findings highlight dynamic reversible nature marks, offering promising avenues for personalized medicine. Understanding disease development is essential advancing diagnostics, therapeutics, our broader understanding human biology.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing Patient Care

Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 169 - 194

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is transforming the landscape personalized medicine, providing new prospects to improve patient care and medical outcomes. This article explores examine into transformational potential AI healthcare, focusing on its present uses, advantages, obstacles, future possibilities. Artificial Intelligence has capacity quickly correctly analyze large volumes data resulted substantial advances diagnostic tools, illness prediction, therapy suggestions. AI-powered imaging technology predictive analytics, particular, are boosting accuracy enabling diagnosis early on, allowing for prompt targeted therapies. greatly advancing which adapts modify treatment approaches individual genetic profiles distinct health situations. AI-driven genomics analysis speeding up discovery disease indicators creation tailored medications.

Language: Английский

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