Precision Psychobiotics for Gut–Brain Axis Health: Advancing the Discovery Pipelines to Deliver Mechanistic Pathways and Proven Health Efficacy

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Advancing microbiome–gut–brain axis science requires systematic, rational and translational approaches to bridge the critical knowledge gaps currently preventing full exploitation of gut microbiome as a tractable therapeutic target for gastrointestinal, mental brain health. Current research is still marked by many open questions that undermine widespread application humans. For example, lack mechanistic understanding probiotic effects means it remains unclear why even apparently closely related strains exhibit different in vivo. live microbial psychobiotics, consensus on their adjunct treatments conventional neuromodulators, use unmedicated populations or at‐risk cohorts with sub‐clinical symptomatology warranted. This missing information both sides equation when treating central nervous system (CNS) conditions makes psychobiotic challenging, especially compared other pharmaceutical functional food approaches. Expediting transition from positive preclinical data proven benefits humans includes interpreting promises pitfalls animal behavioural assays, well navigating mechanism‐informed decision making select right microbe(s) job. In this review, we consider how these decisions can be supported light accrued range clinical studies across healthy, pathological study populations, where specific have been evaluated context gastrointestinal physiology, function behaviour. Examples successful, partial unsuccessful translation bench bedside are considered. We also discuss developments silico analyses enhanced our moved towards pinpointing host–microbe interactions most important optimal gut–brain function. Combining assays vitro ex vivo domains incorporating model organisms prime discovery pipelines promising rationally selected candidates.

Language: Английский

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Aggression and Justice Involvement: Does Uric Acid Play a Role?

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 268 - 268

Published: March 2, 2025

The search for biological markers that can be reliably linked to aggression and antisocial behavior has been central the work of criminology. One such marker, uric acid, long suspected play a causative role in promoting anger, irritability, aggression, violence. Here, this perspective article, we revisit some historical interest acid as compound relevant brain behavior, reflect these early accounts off emergent scientific research. Advances sciences, including neuropsychiatry neuromicrobiology, have allowed more sophisticated understanding potential mechanistic pathways linking with cognition behavior. updated science suggests ideas surrounding criminology had credibility. available research strongly biomarker risk, is worthy further close scrutiny. Informed by gut–brain–microbiome research, argue certain aspects early-to-mid-20th-century were prematurely abandoned. From legalome perspective, advances other gut–brain biomarkers aid shaping humane, scientifically grounded policies recognize interplay between biology environment.

Language: Английский

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The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles human cognition behaviour. Included this research is evidence indicating gut microbes, through direct indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability antisocial Moreover, manufacture chemicals are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions United States Europe acknowledge produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption alcohol by defendants. The dismissal driving while intoxicated charges these cases—so‐called auto‐brewery syndrome—highlights way which microbiome knowledge will enhance precision, objectivity fairness our legal systems. Here opinion essay, we introduce concept ‘legalome’—the application science forensic psychiatry criminal law. We argue rapid pace microbial discoveries, including those challenge ideas free moral responsibility, necessitate a reconsideration traditional doctrines justifications retributive punishment. implications extend beyond courtroom, challenging us reconsider how environmental factors—from diet socioeconomic conditions—might shape preventative rehabilitative efforts their effects on microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Terminalia chebula Retz. extract relieves gout arthritis by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, the uric acid transporter, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119848 - 119848

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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