Carbon‐Based Radar Absorbing Materials toward Stealth Technologies

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(32)

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Abstract Stealth technology is used to enhance the survival of military equipment in field surveillance, as it utilizes a combination techniques render itself undetectable by enemy radar systems. Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) are specialized reduce reflection (or absorption) signals provide stealth capability, which core component passive countermeasures applications. The properties RAMs can be optimized adjusting their composition, microstructure, and surface geometry. Carbon‐based present promising approach for fabrication ultrathin, versatile, high‐performance due large specific area, lightweight, excellent dielectric properties, high electrical conductivity, stability under harsh conditions. This review begins with brief history an introduction electromagnetic waves, systems, materials. followed discussion recent research progress carbon‐based RAMs, including carbon blacks, fibers, nanotubes, graphite, graphene, MXene, along in‐depth examination principles strategies on attenuation characteristics. Hope this will offer fresh perspectives design thereby fostering deeper fundamental understanding promoting practical

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional MXene/C Aerogels for Enhanced Microwave Absorption and Thermal Insulation

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) have emerged as promising candidates for microwave absorption (MA) materials. However, they also some drawbacks, such poor impedance matching, high self-stacking tendency, density. To tackle these challenges, MXene nanosheets were incorporated into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers subsequently assembled a three-dimensional (3D) network structure through PAN carbonization, yielding MXene/C aerogels. The 3D effectively extends the path of microcurrent transmission, leading to enhanced conductive loss electromagnetic (EM) waves. Moreover, aerogel's rich pore significantly improves matching while reducing density MXene-based absorbers. EM parameter analysis shows that aerogels exhibit minimum reflection (RLmin) value - 53.02 dB (f = 4.44 GHz, t 3.8 mm), an effective bandwidth (EAB) 5.3 GHz (t 2.4 mm, 7.44-12.72 GHz). Radar cross-sectional (RCS) simulations employed assess radar stealth effect aerogels, revealing maximum RCS reduction perfect electric conductor covered by aerogel reaches 12.02 m2. In addition MA performance, demonstrates good thermal insulation 5-mm-thick can generate temperature gradient over 30 °C at 82 °C. This study provides feasible design approach creating lightweight, efficient, multifunctional

Language: Английский

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"Three-in-One" Multi-Scale Structural Design of Carbon Fiber-Based Composites for Personal Electromagnetic Protection and Thermal Management

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 10, 2023

Wearable devices with efficient thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are highly desirable for improving human comfort safety. Herein, a multifunctional wearable carbon fibers (CF) @ polyaniline (PANI) / silver nanowires (Ag NWs) composites "branch-trunk" interlocked micro/nanostructure were achieved through "three-in-one" multi-scale design. The reasonable assembly of the three kinds one-dimensional (1D) materials can fully exert their excellent properties i.e., superior flexibility CF, robustness PANI, splendid conductivity AgNWs. Consequently, constructed flexible composite demonstrates enhanced mechanical tensile stress 1.2 MPa, which was almost 6 times that original material. This is mainly attributed to fact PNAI (branch) firmly attached CF (trunk) polydopamine (PDA), forming robust structure. Meanwhile, possesses insulation heat preservation capacity owing synergistically low emissivity. More importantly, conductive path established by 1D greatly improved its EMI property Joule heating performance at applied voltage. work paves way rational utilization intrinsic materials, as well provides promising strategy designing protection energy devices.

Language: Английский

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Alkali and ion exchange co-modulation strategies to design magnetic–dielectric synergistic nano-absorbers for tailoring microwave absorption

Nano Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 8522 - 8532

Published: June 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Electronic Modulation Strategy for Mass-Producible Ultrastrong Multifunctional Biomass-Based Fiber Aerogel Devices: Interfacial Bridging

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(20), P. 20525 - 20536

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

The emergence of green flexible aerogel electronics based on natural materials is expected to solve part the global environmental and energy crisis. However, it still challenging achieve large-scale production multifunctional stable applications biomass fiber (BFA) materials. Herein, we exploit interfacial bridging between flower-type titanium dioxide nanoarray (FTNA) substrates modulate electronic structure loss mechanism properties. Specifically, fibrous substrate with wrinkled features induces lattice strain in titania through precise bridging, effectively improving intrinsic properties BFA This regulation strategy also confirmed by X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAS). More importantly, construction products for different macroscopic simple processing methods will facilitate transition from electronics. Therefore, as-prepared blanket-type (TCBFA) has good mechanical properties, electromagnetic protection thermal stealth high-temperature flame retardancy, UV resistance. Meanwhile, membrane-type (TCBFAM) wearable device exhibits superior flexibility, efficient Joule heating performance, a smart response. provides another concept design innovation fiber-integrated aerogels.

Language: Английский

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Manipulating CNT Films with Atomic Precision for Absorption Effectiveness–Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Adaptive Infrared Camouflage

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2024

Abstract Promoting advanced functional films that integrate protective behaviors for synergetic radar, infrared (IR), and visible light is confronted with extreme challenges. The effective integration of shielding capacity IR camouflage into single‐component carbon remains an enormous challenge because limited conductivity high absorption. In this work, nanotube (CNT) excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, switchable camouflage, energy conversion are obtained via a (FCCVD) method subsequent defect engineering strategies induced by temperature (Strategy I) N/S co‐doping II). Wherein the effect on electronic configuration as well multi‐spectra performance deeply explored. Ascribing to synergistic effects strategies, defective CNT present superior EMI effectiveness (SE) absorption ratio 86.9%, large span emissivity (0.479), which provides necessary condition various application scenarios. Under applied electric field excitation, radiation can adapt rapidly changing surroundings, such low‐high/high‐low temperatures. Besides, desirable de‐icing be achieved. This work supplies feasible strategy designing EM absorption, adaptive confront multiband surveillance.

Language: Английский

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MXene‐Enabled Pneumatic Multiscale Shape Morphing for Adaptive, Programmable and Multimodal Radar‐infrared Compatible Camouflage

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(24)

Published: April 5, 2024

Abstract Achieving radar‐infrared compatible camouflage with dynamic adaptability has been a long‐sought goal, but faces significant challenges owing to the limited dispersion relations of conventional material systems operating in different wavelength ranges. Here, this work proposes concept pneumatic multiscale shape morphing and design periodically arranged unit consisting MXene‐based morphable conductors intake platforms. During gas actuation, conductor transforms centimeter‐scale 2D flat sheets into 3D balloon shapes enhance microwave absorption behavior, also reconfigures micrometer‐scale MXene wrinkles smooth planes combination cavity‐induced low heat transfer minimize infrared (IR) signatures. Through theory‐guided reverse engineering, final matrix shows remarkable frequency tunability (2.64–18.0 GHz), moderate IR emissivity regulation (0.14 at 7–16.5 µm), rapid responsiveness (≈30 ms), wide‐angle operation (>45 ° ), excellent environmental tolerance. Additionally, multiplexed enables over 14 programmable coding sequences that independently alter thermal radiation without compromising radar stealth, allows multimodal switching between three distinct states. The approach may facilitate evolution techniques electromagnetic functional materials toward multispectral, intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Construction of dual heterogeneous interface between zigzag-like Mo–MXene nanofibers and small CoNi@NC nanoparticles for electromagnetic wave absorption

Journal of Advanced Ceramics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1562 - 1576

Published: May 24, 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXene) process attractive conductivity and abundant surface functional groups, providing immense potential in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, high spontaneous aggregation MXene suffer from limited EMW response. Inspired by dielectric-magnetic synergy effect, strategy decorating with magnetic elements is expected to solve this challenge. In work, zigzag-like Mo₂TiC₂ nanofiber (Mo-MXene NFs) cross-linked networks are fabricated using HF etching KOH shearing processes. Subsequently, Co-MOF derived CoNi LDH ultrathin nanosheets grown inside Mo-MXene NFs, N-doped carbon matrix anchored alloy nanoparticles formed pyrolysis firmly embedded NFs network. Benefiting synergistic effect highly dispersed small nanoparticles, a 3D conductive network assembled numerous hollow vesicles, dual heterogeneous interface, designed Mo-MXene/CoNi-NC heterostructure provides robust absorption ability reflection loss (R_L) value -68.45 dB at matching thickness 4.38 mm. The performance can be attributed excellent dielectric losses, loss, impedance matching, multiple scattering triggered unique structure. This work puts up great developing advanced MXene-based devices.

Language: Английский

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Constructing two-dimensional/two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/MoX2 (X = Se and S) van der Waals heterojunctions: a combined composition modulation and interface engineering strategy for microwave absorption

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6)

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Recent advances of carbon-based electromagnetic wave absorption materials facing the actual situations

Carbon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 390 - 409

Published: April 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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