Bilingualism and “brain reserve” in subregions of the hippocampal formation

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Abstract With aging, the hippocampal formation shows variable structural atrophy, which is associated with a decline in cognitive performance. Bilingualism related to higher gray matter volume (GMV), potentially representing form of brain reserve aging. However, differential influence bilingualism on subregions remains unclear. Thus, we investigated GMV differences and age-GMV relationships between mono- bilinguals its subregions, hippocampus proper subicular complex. We included 661 adults aged 19 85 years (257 monolinguals, 404 sequential bilinguals, predominantly native German speakers second language background) from population-based 1000BRAINS cohort. vs. were assessed for six regions interest (hippocampal formation, proper, complex; each left right) using analyses covariance. Effects via moderation analyses. found bilateral complex, while only trend towards this effect existed formation. Moderation revealed similar all interest. Higher bilinguals’ seems specifically attributable complex rather than proper. bilingual may persist over time. This be particularly beneficial since atrophy has previously been risk dementia. Altogether, impact demonstrated.

Language: Английский

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Mossy fiber expression of αSMA in human hippocampus and its relevance to brain evolution and neuronal development

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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From Information to Knowledge: A Role for Knowledge Networks in Decision Making and Action Selection

Information, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 487 - 487

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

The brain receives information via sensory inputs through the peripheral nervous system and stores a small subset as memories within central system. Short-term, working memory is present in hippocampus whereas long-term are distributed neural networks throughout brain. Elegant studies on mechanisms for storage neuroeconomic formulation of human decision making have been recognized with Nobel Prizes Physiology or Medicine Economics, respectively. There wide gap, however, our understanding how disparate bits translate into “knowledge”, by which knowledge used to make decisions. I propose that conceptualization “knowledge network” creation, recall critical start bridging this gap. Knowledge creation involves value-driven contextualization cross-validation certainty-seeking behaviors, including rumination reflection. recall, like memory, may occur oscillatory activity dynamically links multiple networks. These show correlated interactivity despite their presence widely separated regions system, brainstem, spinal cord gut. hippocampal–amygdala complex together entorhinal prefrontal cortices likely components since they participate contextual action selection. Sleep reflection processes attentional mediated habenula expected play key role consolidation. Unlike straightforward test determining loci requires implementation naturalistic decision-making paradigm. By formalizing neuroscientific concept networks, we can experimentally functionality recording large-scale during awake, naturally behaving animals. types difficult but important also advancing knowledge-driven opposed big data-driven models artificial intelligence. A network-driven function practical implications other spheres, such education treatment mental disorders.

Language: Английский

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Formation and retrieval of cell assemblies in a biologically realistic spiking neural network model of area CA3 in the mouse hippocampus

Journal of Computational Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(4), P. 303 - 321

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Abstract The hippocampal formation is critical for episodic memory, with area Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) a necessary substrate auto-associative pattern completion. Recent theoretical and experimental evidence suggests that the retrieval of cell assemblies enable these functions. Yet, how are formed retrieved in full-scale spiking neural network (SNN) CA3 incorporates observed diversity neurons connections within this circuit not well understood. Here, we demonstrate data-driven SNN model quantitatively reflecting neuron type-specific population sizes, intrinsic electrophysiology, connectivity statistics, synaptic signaling, long-term plasticity mouse capable robust auto-association completion via assemblies. Our results show broad range assembly sizes could successfully systematically retrieve patterns from heavily incomplete or corrupted cues after limited number presentations. Furthermore, performance was respect to partial overlap through shared cells, substantially enhancing memory capacity. These novel findings provide computational specific biological properties produce an effective associative learning mammalian brain.

Language: Английский

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Remembering the “When”: Hebbian Memory Models for the Time of Past Events

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Abstract Humans and animals can remember how long ago specific events happened. In contrast to interval-timing on the order of seconds minutes, little is known about neural mechanisms that enable remembering “when” autobiographical memories stored in episodic memory system. Based a systematic exploration coding, association retrieval schemes, we develop family hypotheses reconstruction time past events, consistent with Hebbian plasticity networks. We compare several plausible candidate mechanism simulated experiments and, propose combined behavioral physiological be used pin down actual implementation for events.

Language: Английский

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