Europe becomes pro-nuclear? Drivers of public support for nuclear energy in six EU countries after the energy crisis of 2022

Energy Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 114528 - 114528

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Coping with decarbonisation: An inventory of strategies from resistance to transformation

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 102968 - 102968

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Competing values, ideologies and lock-in dependencies in sociotechnical pathways for industrial decarbonization

Environmental Science & Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 104017 - 104017

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ecology for the rich? Class aspects of the green transition and the threat of right-wing populism as a reaction to its costs in Poland

Sustainability Science Practice and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

This article sheds light on the class determinants of ecological attitudes and, at same time, tries to emphasize general importance differentiation for implementation sustainable development policies. is particularly important in Eastern European countries where, financial reasons, a green transition raises concerns among social groups that may feel threatened by additional socioeconomic costs. Using empirical data collected Poland, we point out challenges, implementation, and costs can be used populist nationalist right-wing politicians. At populists depict activists as threat interests "ordinary people" identify them with liberal metropolitan elites, detached from worries people lower incomes residents traditionalist provinces. In current conditions, fear increases energy fuel prices another source support an anti-ecological agenda against "global pressure" establishment. narrative attractive peripheral semi-peripheral Europe around world it refers not only ideological arguments but also economic people."

Language: Английский

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Political factors in renewable energy generation: Do populism, carbon tax and feed-in tariffs matter?

Energy Research & Social Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 103628 - 103628

Published: June 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Care, continuity, and meaningful change

Political Geography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 103049 - 103049

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Conceptualising energy nationalism in the context of climate change: framework and review

Frontiers in Energy Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 7, 2024

This article argues that the more energy policies are circumscribed within borders of individual nation states, difficult it will be to implement climate action on a global scale. The authors shed light relationship between nationalism and simultaneous challenges environmental protection, transition change mitigation. Based review various publications referring in context policy transition, conceptualise this notion. Energy is defined here as any political decision, economic ideological justifications used circumscribe state subordinate “national interests,” security” “protection national sovereignty.” should distinguished from both resource nationalism, yet they part continuum, which considerations upheld pursuit strict “interests” and, therefore, ruling elites each state. explores differences mutual interconnections three. It finally explains why notion may better render ongoing conflict resource-focused international community–particularly current emergency.

Language: Английский

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Climate and Energy Transitions in Times of Environmental Backlash? The European Union ‘Green Deal’ From Adoption to Implementation

JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(S1), P. 124 - 134

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

The inception of the European Union's (EU's) 'Green Deal' – a flagship project Commission President Ursula von der Leyen launched to much acclaim in December 2019 contrasts with its adoption final years Commission's term office 2023–2024. In 2019, unprecedented climate protests and mobilisations across Europe world from 'Fridays for Future' school strikes marches more radical actions by groups like Extinction Rebellion (XR) pushed change energy transition top EU's political agenda. this context, elections saw successes Green Parties continent, boosting Greens/European Free Alliance (EFA) parliamentary group record 72 members (Pearson Rüdig, 2020). With main centre-left centre-right together failing command majority Parliament, Greens were able pressure commit ambitious policies. EU stemmed directly context marked 'enabling politicisation' issue (Dupont et al., 2024). law (Regulation 2021/1119, 2021), formally adopted July 2021, committed block reaching net-zero emissions 2050 reducing net 55% 2030, whilst large legislative package explicitly called 'Fit 55' was proposed that same month achieve headline targets. Although Deal has been developed times crisis, have held steady their commitments (Eckert, 2021; Von Homeyer 2022). Yet, finalisation proposals aimed at turning lofty goals into action 2023–2024 before end Parliament taken place starkly different context. Energy cost living crises, initially triggered post-COVID-19 supply chain disruptions dramatically heightened war Ukraine leading commodity price hikes Europe, increasingly fuelled concerns about costs transitions (Goldthau Youngs, 2023; Kuzemko prices fallen since 2023, security issues remained salient. Politically, instrumentalised populist right parties mobilise against (Yazar Haarstad, 2023), centre also become cautious, especially right. At level, is most evident People's Party (EPP), which contested legislation, notably Nature Restoration Law 2024/1991, 2024) (Tosun, 2023). This shift part response contestations legislation highly covered farmer's starting late 2023 continuing throughout spring 2024 (Politico, 2024; Reuters, June reflect new rise far-right groups, losers along liberals (Hix Against background 'constraining policy 2024), article asks whether represents point transitions. As set in, it good time assess progress challenges Deal'. Has faltering? What are prospects implementation renewing green ambitions? I argue that, overall, agenda system decarbonisation proved remarkably resilient. institutions member states delivering dimensions mostly delivered. concerns, use right-wing populists raise questions implementation, possibly dampening ambitions going forward. first reviews delivered on ambitions, focusing particular change. It then assesses seemingly waning momentum recent 'green backlash'. Finally, reflects renewal, drawing insights past crises effects environmental concludes likely prove resilient, framing focus may be changing domestic politicisation global geopolitical competition. initial communication launching Deal', (2019) presented wide-ranging strategy 'make climate-neutral continent 2050', protect biodiversity, create circular economy, curb pollution finance transition, all competitiveness industry ensuring just affected regions workers. led proposal subsequent wide range packages individual laws sectors, agriculture, transport environment. Since launch as core priority 'geopolitical Commission' over course evolution, contours object ill-defined. because cross-cutting reflecting multisectoral, complex evolving nature requires integration areas politically deliberate: reframe aggregate related initiatives an all-encompassing, purposeful popular narrative. steamed ahead half finish off negotiation remaining files elections, marking both ninth legislature Commission. Uncertainty arose when Vice chief, Frans Timmermans, known heavyweight skilled negotiator vocal proponent Deal, left his post compete Dutch lead left-green alliance (Euractiv, 2023a). He replaced Maroš Šefčovič controversial appointee Wopke Hoekstra, criticised employment Shell lacklustre (Taylor, did not derail work finalising successful overall few blocked or withdrawn due delays intractable divisions.1 Looking specifically package, implements emission reduction targets objectives, originally composed 13 proposals, later extended 19.2 2024, but one had co-legislators. Some updates strengthens pre-existing policies introduced. A significant step reform Emission Trading System (EU ETS), April raft associated laws. accelerates allowances energy-intensive industries power sector; progressively phases out free allowances; includes shipping within ETS; rules aviation phasing flights implementing Carbon Offsetting Reduction Scheme International Aviation (CORSIA) extra-European flights; revises market stability reserve aims maintain stable effective carbon prices. 62% sectors compared 2005, slightly higher than addition, distinct ETS introduced buildings, road additional considered hard decarbonise apply fuel distributors 2027. Social Climate Fund, supplied revenues ETS, help vulnerable households, small companies users cope costs. recognition concrete impacts justice implications scheme attempt diffusing contestation avoid replay protracted opposition, such 'Yellow Vest' rocked France 2018–2020 following increase taxes. An innovative internationally piece Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), imposes tax imports products carbon-intensive industries. CBAM phased 2026 line aiming put third-country level playing field leakage outsourcing industrial jurisdictions lower standards (road maritime transport, waste industries), reductions defined Effort Sharing Regulation. revision, March increases 2030 EU-wide target 29% 40%, distributes effort binding national Along this, revised Land Use, Land-Use Change Forestry (LULUCF) regulation increased EU-level least 310 million tonnes CO2 equivalent removals greenhouse gases tracking methane sector, November implement Global Methane Pledge signed 100 countries UN COP26. oil, gas coal measure, report verify mitigation measures leak detection repair, well closed wells mines. For hard-to-decarbonise number passed addition provisions. cars vans, updated finally introduces progressive targets, including 100% 2035, effectively amounts complete phase-out combustion car van sales. parallel, facilitate growth electric vehicles, alternative infrastructure finalised mandates installation recharging stations vans every 60 km, hydrogen refuelling lorries urban nodes onwards. shipping, agreement FuelEU initiative intensity used on-board ships up 80% 2050, promoting renewable low-carbon fuels. Concerning aviation, ReFuelEU October promote sustainable fuels (SAF) (e.g., advanced biofuels, recycled meeting sustainability emissions-saving criteria). sets obligations suppliers ensure contain minimum shares SAF (from 2025) synthetic 2030), increasing until 2050. sector key updated. revision directive, 42.5% consumption (up paltry 32.5%), extra 2.5% indicative top-up reach 45% supported Parliament. directive does mix non-binding sub-targets industry, buildings district heating cooling, mandating faster permitting procedures projects. Increased results REPowerEU plan 18 May 2022, dependence Russian (Von 2022; Wendler, targeted emergency amendments 45%. pointed Buzogány al. (2023), high flexibility regarding various condition adoption. Ambitions upgraded efficiency. efficiency agreed upon reduce 11.7% 2020 projections. less 13% under and, typical fashion, middle ground between cautious Council (Kurmayer, contributions states, gradual annual savings specific public (including yearly renovation share buildings). complemented performance completed zero existing retrofitted solar rising aim natural setting common infrastructures markets. Of 19 only remains pending. taxation electricity switch based volume content. Fossil would taxed highest rate lowest. sovereign, sensitive matter exclusive competence Lisbon Treaty, decided subject unanimity, perennial challenge. 2003 levels products, places sources equal footing irrespective Despite update overdue, previous started 2011 failed face states' withdraw 2015. Once again, despite last-ditch efforts Belgian Presidency winter no could reached, postponed next (Messad, Overall, then, recovery Ukraine, prices, evaporated, showing remarkable resilience. during Indeed, many out, reframed 'windows opportunity' furthering COVID-19 NextGenEU programme €750 billion Recovery Resilience Facility make funding available form loans grants. required spend 37% National Plans (NRRPs) support tended accelerate ongoing projects rather (Bocquillon Similarly, Russia, accelerated dynamics initiated (Wendler, upgrade Deal's foster homegrown renewables imports; investments €210 2027 chapters added NRRPs [with possibility financing liquefied (LNG) infrastructure]; soft mechanisms diversify supplies external engagement strategy, establishment voluntary Platform co-ordinate purchases strategy). None upended fact, reinforced jury still however, effect crisis view shore short-term fossil contracts adopted, phase ever-evolving agenda, attention turns towards crucial effectiveness legitimacy. period covering Eurozone insight, salience appetite environment receded, several studies tracked dismantling found real limited instances institutional resilience (Gravey Jordan, 2016). They there risk 'through back door' via delegated acts (Burns Tobin, cursory overview above, ridden mechanisms, exemptions optionality, justified diversity indeed necessary agreements, can challenging. clearly case differentiated options (see Various phase-in periods start kick progressively, stringency time, often beyond instance, will increase, 2035. CBAM, reporting period, component entering force parallel allowances. enters These multiple points where starts 'to bite' stakeholders. ban engine sales 2035 building standards, citizens. There is, therefore, potential process, policy-makers particularly concerned about. Certain pieces extra-territorial effects, CBAM. actively discussed, challenged international forums. India threatened legal challenge World Trade Organization (WTO) trade barrier disadvantageous developing 2023b). unilateral approach trigger tensions, making challenging (Smith competition who controls turn policy. United States's Inflation Act (IRA), Industrial Plan, co-legislators Net Zero Industry (NZIA) establishing 40% strategic 'net-zero' technologies produced EU, Critical Raw Material benchmarks production minerals, speed goal secure raw materials technologies, import critical minerals essential battery vehicle production. prominent economic reduced dependence, frictions. early 2010s showed challenges, imperatives objectives conflict each other dampen 2020; Skovgaard, 2014). Citizens, stakeholders governments willing bear what they to. Crises offer opportunity those challenge, gain relatively resilient emergence wave opposition policies, parts Deal. widely media, backlash' 'greenlash' Politico, Tash, Discontent focused cost-of-living downturn, businesses denouncing 'regulatory burden' imposed them. Protests took West East North South. Most farmers' spread Belgium Germany, Spain Poland Romania. Often blocking roads, demands diverse costly regulation, greening Common Agricultural Policy biodiversity protection. scrapping halve pesticide (Tash, Netherlands, plans cut nitrogen discontent surprise protest party. backlash farming conservation, emerging climate, oil boilers, nearly broke German coalition, inflammatory cars.3 driven far Radical tend inimical largely ideological grounds (Lockwood, 2018), even though mixed evidence ability influence (Huber 2021). 'wedge issue' (Dickson Hobolt, these parties, politicised split polarise electorate sceptic base. grouping Conservatives Reformists Identity Democracy, EPP, purpose content pending legislation. EPP's principal Law, restoring 20% land sea 2030. Building farmer protests, considerably weaken text Governments, turn, responded perceived mood. French Macron's call 'European regulatory pause' leaders Prime Minister de Croo, came shock. negotiations files, member-state opposition. proceedings picture needs nuanced. First, equally affected. Opposition concentrate agriculture reforms conservation nature. Second, importance of, remain broadly similar gone down pecking order priorities (Eurobarometer, respondents special Eurobarometer survey economy should sped up. Abou-Chadi (2024), representative three countries, narrative overblown confined right, widespread provided mitigated through offsetting measures. Still, indicate winners (European 78, Patriots 84 Sovereign Nations 25) (EPP 188), being (Greens/EFA 53) (Renew 77). Compared signal pro-environment heralds positions if arguably issues. Hix (2024) others unravel already settle forward, given stance fact bloc Socialists & Democrats, longer commands seats. her speech vote reappointment, eventually grand coalition reaffirmed commitment bloc's yet-to-be-agreed 90% 2040, further However, language suggested promise 'Clean mentioned general terms (Cagney, illustrates, adoption, promises perils inherent tensions Paterson movements well-established institutionalised area novel, receiving spectrum. case, enabling. contrast, completion section impacted politicising undermine COVID pandemic component. Therefore, undo unlikely unravel. established, benefit legitimacy deeply institutionalised; components deeper challenges. energy, door executive acts; reviewed weakened; perhaps importantly, lack ambition stagnation moving considerable uncertainty, cycle opening 2040 fundamentally blurry boundaries, 'done deal'. More faltering, expect industrialisation author thank Annual Review editors support, patience constructive feedback producing piece.

Language: Английский

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Unrealized “build back better” potential in the Era of “Polycrisis”: City climate and energy action learnings during COVID19

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Mitigating climate change in cities is one of the most important global policy aims due to majority emissions stemming from city production and consumption (IPCC 2022). Before COVID-19, thousands governments set ambitious action plans, including net zero renewable energy commitments. This study investigates how COVID-19 recovery packages affected city-level plans actions. paper draws on zero, resilience literature, an original survey 30 countries north south: Argentina, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, Philippines, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey United Kingdom States, initial interviews with leaders select megacities: Jakarta London. Results show that cities’ ambitions vary widely by region, as do impacts progress towards those goals. Many experienced delays they pivoted crisis response. Others benefited new national green frameworks financing streams. Almost two years since declaration end pandemic, has not fundamentally transformed either negative or promising ways were predicted. While these lessons for transformations are clear, tackling crises ongoing era “polycrisis” seem useful underscore. identifies recommendations would enable leverage their experiences mitigation context a projected increase frequency severity shocks. Practice abstract suggest might learnings well potentially realise more effective responses crises.

Language: Английский

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Popular Protest Movements, Political Attitudes and Democratic Climate Governance: Exploring the Dynamics in Four Scandinavian Cities

Environmental Policy and Governance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

ABSTRACT In this article, we unpack and compare how differently reactive protest groups movements respond to climate‐related policy implementation engage with public institutions raise grievances change the course of climate action. We argue that as agenda has become integrated into broad‐based policies, such urban densification transport/road‐tolls, a range contestations emerges cannot be reduced anti‐elite sentiments scepticism, often held in studies populism politics. The article offers an analytical framework study their leadership several distinct areas contestation. approach is tested empirical observations from four case popular protests Scandinavian cities. found hostility protesters included mix ideological material/socio‐economic concerns not perceived, recognised or responded by institutions. Citizen action thus actively engaged diversity agencies politicians influence decisions actions. observed these interactions resulting effects were highly place‐based context‐specific, dynamic. suggest engaging popular/populist politics needs observe changing contextual circumstances more firmly distinguish between responsiveness economic, cultural recognition/identity, anti‐elitist knowledge foundations it entangled in. This includes aspects related procedural functioning officials. Relationships are complex multilayered. A processual qualitative multi‐case facilitated observations.

Language: Английский

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