National, regional, and global burdens of disease from 2000 to 2016 attributable to alcohol use: a comparative risk assessment study

The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e51 - e61

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Alcohol use has increased globally, with varying trends in different parts of the world. This study investigates gender, age, and geographical differences alcohol-attributable burden disease from 2000 to 2016.This comparative risk assessment estimated disease. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were by combining alcohol exposure data obtained production taxation statistics national surveys corresponding relative risks meta-analyses cohort studies. Mortality morbidity WHO Global Health Estimates, population UN Population Division, human development index (HDI) Development Programme. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) using a Monte Carlo-like approach.Globally, we that there 3·0 million (95% UI 2·6-3·6) deaths 131·4 (119·4-154·4) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) 2016, 5·3% (4·6-6·3) all 5·0% (4·6-5·9) DALYs. was major factor for communicable, maternal, perinatal, nutritional diseases (PAF 3·3% [1·9-5·6]), non-communicable (4·3% [3·6-5·1]), injury (17·7% [14·3-23·0]) deaths. The higher among men than women, age-standardised highest eastern Europe western, southern, central sub-Saharan Africa regions, countries low HDIs. 52·4% occurred people younger 60 years.As leading disease, disproportionately affects HDI young people. Given variations cost-effective local policy measures can reduce resulting are needed, especially low-income middle-income countries.None.

Language: Английский

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Toward effective government communication strategies in the era of COVID-19

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Abstract Several countries have successfully reduced their COVID-19 infection rate early, while others been overwhelmed. The reasons for the differences are complex, but response efficacy has in part depended on speed and scale of governmental intervention how communities received, perceived, acted information provided by governments other agencies. While there is no ‘one size fits all’ communications strategy to deliver during a prolonged crisis, this article, we draw key findings from scholarship multiple social science disciplines highlight some fundamental characteristics effective crisis communication. We then present ten recommendations communication strategies engender maximum support participation. argue that an two-way process involves clear messages, delivered via appropriate platforms, tailored diverse audiences, shared trusted people. Ultimately, long-term success depends developing maintaining public trust. outline government policymakers can widespread participation through increased ongoing community engagement. diversity groups must be included engagement activities. also implications emerging digital technologies

Language: Английский

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New directions in evidence-based policy research: a critical analysis of the literature

Health Research Policy and Systems, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 14, 2014

Despite 40 years of research into evidence-based policy (EBP) and a continued drive from both policymakers researchers to increase uptake in policy, barriers the use evidence are persistently identified literature. However, it is not clear what explains this persistence – whether they represent real factors, or if artefacts approaches used study EBP. Based on an updated review, paper analyses literature explain persistent facilitators. We critically describe terms its theoretical underpinnings, definitions ‘evidence’, methods, underlying assumptions field, aim illuminate EBP discourse by comparison with other fields. Much area theoretically naive, focusing primarily as opposed defined more broadly, privileging academics’ priorities over those policymakers. Little empirical data analysing processes impact available inform decision-makers. often assumes that do meaning would benefit populations. argue these unsupported, biasing much research. The agenda ‘getting policy’ has side-lined description analysis how actually interact vivo. Rather than asking can be made influential, academics should understand influences constitutes produce informed studies decision-making. question main researchers, explore implications doing so, propose new directions for research, health policy.

Language: Английский

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Toward More “Evidence‐Informed” Policy Making?

Public Administration Review, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. 472 - 484

Published: Nov. 20, 2015

Abstract The quality of public decision making depends significantly on the analysis and advice provided through organizations. Champions “evidence‐informed” policy claim that rigorous evaluation practices can improve attainment cost‐effective outcomes. After decades experience, performance information is more sophisticated, but capabilities vary enormously. Public agencies gather process vast amounts information, there has been little how this actually utilized for program improvement. This article examines government use evidence about effectiveness, with attention to four themes: (1) prospects improving making, (2) diversity concerning utilization across types arenas, (3) recent attempts “institutionalize” as a core feature development budget approval, (4) relationships between nongovernmental sources expertise .

Language: Английский

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The dos and don’ts of influencing policy: a systematic review of advice to academics

Palgrave Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2019

Abstract Many academics have strong incentives to influence policymaking, but may not know where start. We searched systematically for, and synthesised, the ‘how to’ advice in academic peer-reviewed grey literatures. condense this into eight main recommendations: (1) Do high quality research; (2) make your research relevant readable; (3) understand policy processes; (4) be accessible policymakers: engage routinely, flexible, humbly; (5) decide if you want an issue advocate or honest broker; (6) build relationships (and ground rules) with policymakers; (7) ‘entrepreneurial’ find someone who is; (8) reflect continuously: should engage, do to, is it working? This seems like common sense. However, masks major inconsistencies, regarding different beliefs about nature of problem solved when using advice. Furthermore, accompanied by critical analysis insights from literature, could provide misleading guidance for people new field.

Language: Английский

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Disciplining Interdisciplinarity: Integration and Implementation Sciences for Researching Complex Real-World Problems

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

This simple framework lays the foundations for developing compilations of concepts, methods and case studies about applying systems thinking, scoping boundary setting, framing, dealing with values, harnessing managing differences, undertaking dialogue, building models, common metrics, accepting unknowns, advocacy, engagement policy practice, understanding authorization, organizational facilitators barriers, much more.

Language: Английский

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To know is not enough: research knowledge and its use

Review of Education, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 2 - 31

Published: Feb. 1, 2013

This paper is about the relationship between research, policy and practice in education. It outlines reasons for increased interest research its impact describe some of difficulties studying this relationship. A conceptualization knowledge mobilization process presented that identifies three overlapping interacting domains – production end use intermediary processes link these two. The reviews current develops ideas all aspects, identifying areas understanding gaps knowledge. video abstract article can be viewed at https://vimeo.com/56377921

Language: Английский

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Do Policy Makers Use Academic Research? Reexamining the “Two Communities” Theory of Research Utilization

Public Administration Review, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 24 - 32

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

Abstract Academics and policy makers in many Western countries are perceived as occupying separate communities, with distinct languages, values, reward systems. However, data from a survey of more than 2,000 officials 126 in‐depth interviews public servants Australia suggest that the “two communities” conceptualization may be misleading flawed. More realistically, there is range interaction between academia, some individuals valuing using academic research others. Furthermore, this relationship complicated by internal division political administrative components process .

Language: Английский

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The impact of sustainable tourism indicators on destination competitiveness: the European Tourism Indicator System

Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 1608 - 1630

Published: April 19, 2021

We aimed to evaluate the impact of sustainable tourism indicators on destination competitiveness with reference European Tourism Indicator System (ETIS), a scheme funded by Commission address evidence gap in policy making. To do this, we absorptive capacity management organisations (DMOs) implement and use make decisions. provide how DMOs have acquired knowledge about importance through ETIS, they assimilated it developing their own systems based principles ETIS. However, find that had unrealistic expectations DMOs, or policies, would be transformed as result indicators, exploited improve sustainability competitiveness. contribute study science showing can used analyse interventions, despite being linear rational approach explaining complex context.

Language: Английский

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The Research–Practice Dialogue in Second Language Learning and Teaching: Past, Present, and Future

Modern Language Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 106(3), P. 509 - 527

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract This article explores ways in which a dialogue between researchers and practitioners can be bidirectional, effective, beneficial for the two professional communities. We suggest concrete directions second language (L2) research: (a) collaborative mindset, (b) nature of research, (c) venues dialogue, (d) institutional support. First, we argue that we, teachers alike, develop mindset understand is established by equal contributions benefits. Second, discuss if researcher's intention to impact practice, they need consider practice relevance their studies. propose practice‐based work together development implementation research. Third, explore where reciprocal may explored, including teacher‐training programs, workshops, university–school collaborations. Finally, share our hopes institutions (universities schools) will provide support would help create facilitate relationships, such as time release promotive incentives. Overall, shoulder lion's responsibility paving path productive research–practice future.

Language: Английский

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