Predicting the Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Content of Custom Polypropylene Blends and Post-Consumer Materials Using Rheological Measurements DOI Open Access

Dominik Kaineder,

Christian Marschik,

Ingrid Trofin

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3169 - 3169

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Contributing to a sustainable economy requires the use of pure recycled materials. Analyzing polyolefin post-consumer materials and cross-contaminations in these is an essential part ensuring consistent product quality. Therefore, aim this work was quantify linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) content polypropylene (PP)-dominant strips. The investigated included virgin PP, custom PP-LLDPE blends PP recyclates. To end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) parallel-plate rheometry were used. For complementary measurements, Raman spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM) employed, confirming morphological occurrence LLDPE enclosed up 30 wt%. DSC measurements demonstrated that evaluated specific melt recrystallization enthalpies alone are insufficient content, especially at 1–10 rheometric results showed strong correlation between cross-over point (COP) zero-shear viscosity for grades, there deviation from depending on blends. An approach determining low (1–15 wt%) medium (up quantities via two mathematical models proposed based can be applied assess level contamination

Language: Английский

Development and evaluation of hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles for improved delivery of sorafenib tosylate in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma DOI
Putrevu Sreelaya, Sankha Bhattacharya, Darshan Bhirud

et al.

BioNanoScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Characterization of Photo-Cross-Linked Polyethylene Pipes for Geothermal Energy Storage DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Simão de Sousa,

Andrew Root,

Ivo Heinmaa

et al.

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 1748 - 1760

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

This study investigates the morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes for potential use in high-temperature borehole thermal energy storage systems. Particular attention is given to a novel type PEX pipe produced through photoinitiated cross-linking (PEX-e). Two formulations, PEX-e1 PEX-e2, were analyzed compared peroxide-cross-linked (PEX-a) non-cross-linked bimodal (PE100) pipes. The degree was evaluated via gel content, while cross-link density molecular weight between cross-links determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Phase composition mobility explored 1H static nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), melting crystallization behavior assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Oxidative stability degradation examined Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, oxidation induction time (OIT) measurements, thermogravimetric (TGA). Both PEX-e formulations achieved satisfactory degrees exhibited remarkable OIT values. However, significant differences distribution noted, with PEX-e2 showing less uniform dispersion cross-links, which resulted lower modulus. FTIR indicated that products formed during cross-linking, highlighting need further optimization formulation processing conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Enhancing thermal performance of cross-laminated timber using phase change materials and biochar composites DOI

Jin-Young Park,

Seong Jin Chang, Sumin Kim

et al.

Journal of Energy Storage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 109, P. 115198 - 115198

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Mechanical and crystallization properties of hot runner injection molded virgin and recycled polypropylene DOI Creative Commons

N.S. Bowen,

Cameron Guyer,

Terence Rippon

et al.

Polymer Engineering and Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(5), P. 2241 - 2255

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract As the demand for sustainable and environmentally conscious practices continues to grow, recycled plastics have become increasingly popular manufacturers. However, reprocessing these materials can result in inconsistencies both process product quality, leading a loss mechanical properties. To address this issue, work investigates injection molding of virgin polypropylene (PP). Using multi‐cavity hot runner mold, correlations between processing parameters, such as melt temperature, mold pack pressure, soak time, properties, were systematically investigated. A multivariate analysis approach was used model variables each material. Results indicated significant processing, morphology. In particular, PP, temperature affected formation β‐crystals their transition α‐crystals upon tensile testing. Different morphology observed (rPP), which crystallization by polyethylene (PE) contamination. The results discuss polymer, structure, relationship providing an understanding optimizing properties rPP. Highlights Polyethylene contamination significantly influences crystallinity. Recycling reduces polypropylene's ability form β crystals. Virgin be tailored through conditions. Recycled suffer at higher temperatures residence times. Polypropylene α/β morphologies visualized after

Language: Английский

Citations

7
4D Printing of novel poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) / poly(butyl methacrylate-co-isobutyl methacrylate) shape memory polymer blends DOI
Emre Tekay,

Betül Aybakan,

Vahap Uygar Aslan

et al.

Applied Materials Today, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 102199 - 102199

Published: April 22, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Root causes of post-consumer high-density polyethylene failing in new bottles DOI Creative Commons
Amir Khaki,

Christian Gerlach,

Kim Ragaert

et al.

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 107776 - 107776

Published: June 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Analyzing Sample Size and Cross-Contamination in Plastic Recycling: Enhancing Madscan® and Utilizing Tos DOI
Mahsa Akbari Lakeh,

Floris Gerritsen,

Tycho Aronds

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

A crucial issue in the plastic recycling industry is loss of quality recycled materials due to cross-contamination, which leads excessive material losses. Determining cross-contamination levels recyclate batches fills a gap control, helping identify suitable applications and enhance value stream. key challenge lies selecting sample size that accurately represents large variability within tons processed daily. This work presents data analysis framework estimate determine required meet demands, while accounting for both analytical sampling errors. Additionally, this introduces MADSCAN®, novel, scale-free thermal technique allows sizes identified by framework. Objectives include providing information stakeholders, assisting regulators establishing control processes, guiding technology providers advancing measurement techniques circular economy, with focus on meeting accuracy requirements.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Facile Grafting Method Achieves Unprecedented Dispersion Stability of Carbon Black in PP fiber DOI Creative Commons
Yaoming Wang, Guihao Liu, Yuqing Liu

et al.

Polymer Testing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108698 - 108698

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Accurate Molar Mass Estimation of Polyolefin Blends Using High Temperature‐size Exclusion Chromatography With Triple Detection: Insight Into Molecular Level Mixing of Polypropylene With Various Application Grades of Polyethylene DOI
Yogesha Subbaiah, Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi,

Mark Debasagoiti

et al.

Journal of Separation Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 48(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT In this study, a commercially available polypropylene homopolymer (H‐PP) was blended with blow molding polyethylene (PE) grade via melt mixing using compounding machine. The resulting blends were subjected to high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis, coupled infrared‐5 (IR‐5), viscometer (VISCO), and multi‐angle laser light scattering (MALS) detectors. molecular weight (MW) MW distributions investigated SEC, the exact blend compositions evaluated 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. molecular‐level of PP/PE composition assessed by comparing theoretical measured weight‐average (Mw) values obtained different SEC detection modes. average Mw VISCO light‐scattering found be in close agreement predicted ratios, compared conventional technique percentage errors ranging from ‐4.53 ‐5.99 1.57 7.65, respectively. linear relationship between flow rate (MFR) studied assess behavior prepared Furthermore, methodology extended other application grades PE varying MFRs verify H‐PP, results are discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Monitoring Antioxidant Consumption and Build-Up in Polypropylene During Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Mechanical Recycling DOI Open Access

Niek Knoben,

Max M.C. Vanhouttem,

Aike Wypkema

et al.

Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1640 - 1640

Published: April 3, 2025

Polypropylene (PP), a widely used recyclable plastic in packaging and engineering applications, is prone to thermo-oxidative degradation during reprocessing molding at high temperatures. Antioxidants (AOs) are essential for stabilizing PP both its virgin recycled states. The quantity of AO added critical: insufficient amounts can lead poor stabilization, while excessive cause safety concerns due build-up. This study presents modified approach measure the Oxidation Induction Temperature (OIT) using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), particularly from waste that contains unpredictable contaminations. ensures calorimetry cell by limiting oxidation reaction preventing release volatile compounds measurements. By performing DSC measurements inert environments, we obtain OIT, which be correlated residual intact levels. monitoring levels demonstrated open- closed-loop recycling rigid PP. Although presence contamination known catalyze PP, our results indicate open-loop collection still sufficient allows it withstand limited thermal reprocessing. However, this tendency retention leads significant build-up when AOs each cycle, where grade remains fairly homogeneous dispersity (Đ) does not significantly increase over multiple loops.

Language: Английский

Citations

0