Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Lead-based
perovskite
nanoparticles
(Pb-PNPs)
are
widely
utilized
in
the
photovoltaic
industry.
However,
due
to
their
poor
stability
and
high
water
solubility,
lead
often
gets
released
into
environment,
which
can
negatively
impact
development
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
As
an
extension
CNS,
effects
mechanisms
Pb-PNPs
on
human
retinal
have
remained
elusive.
We
aimed
investigate
development.
Human
embryonic
stem
cell-derived
three-dimensional
floating
organoids
(hEROs)
were
established
simulate
early
Using
immunofluorescence
staining,
biological-transmission
electron
microscopy
analysis,
inductively
coupled
plasma-mass
spectrometry,
two-dimensional
element
distribution
detection,
RNA
sequencing,
we
evaluated
compared
toxicity
CsPbBr3
(a
representative
substance
Pb-PNPs)
Pb(AC)2
investigated
toxicity-reducing
SiO2
encapsulation.
Our
findings
revealed
that
exposure
resulted
a
concentration-dependent
decrease
area
thickness
neural
retina
hEROs.
Additionally,
hindered
cell
proliferation
promoted
apoptosis
while
suppressing
ganglion
differentiation,
alteration
further
led
disruption
structure.
By
contrast,
hEROs
was
slightly
less
toxic
than
Pb(AC)2.
Mechanistically,
activated
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
by
up-regulating
Caspase-3
inhibited
down-regulating
Pax6.
Interestingly,
after
coating
with
silica,
it
exhibited
lower
toxicities
alleviating
stress.
Overall,
our
study
provides
evidence
Pb-PNPs-induced
developmental
retina,
explores
potential
nanoparticles'
toxicity,
suggests
feasible
strategy
reduce
toxicity.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
66(1), P. 3 - 3
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Purpose:
Because
chickens
have
excellent
light
perception
properties,
this
study
focused
on
investigating
whether
monochromatic
can
cause
photodamage
in
chicken
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs).
Methods:
Post-hatching
day
were
exposed
to
four
different
light-emitting
diode
environments
for
five
weeks,
respectively,
blue
(480
nm),
green
(560
red
(660
or
white
(6000
K).
The
mechanisms
through
which
influences
the
structure
of
retina
analyzed
by
detecting
morphological
retina,
gene
and
protein
expression
levels,
ultrastructure
optic
nerve.
Results:
Blue
exposure
weeks
significantly
impacted
thickness
inner
reticular
layer,
synaptic
function,
number
RGCs
retina.
Moreover,
neurodegenerative
disease
characteristics,
such
as
a
reduction
dendritic
branches
presence
myelin
lesions,
also
been
observed
RGCs.
activation
kinase
RNA-like
ER
kinase-mediated
unfolded
response,
along
with
abnormal
degradation
autophagy
substrate
P62,
accompanies
these
pathological
processes.
Additionally,
our
findings
indicate
that
photosensitivity
OPN4
is
linked
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
RGCs,
may
elucidate
why
experience
damage
exclusively
under
exposure.
Conclusions:
autophagy,
especially
Our
enhances
understanding
underlying
emphasizes
risk
low-illuminance
environments.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Abstract
Activating
the
pyroptosis
pathway
of
tumor
cells
by
photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
for
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)
is
considered
a
valid
strategy
in
pursuit
antitumor
immunotherapy,
but
it
remains
huge
challenge
due
to
lack
reliable
design
guidelines.
Moreover,
often
overlooked
that
conventional
PDT
can
exacerbate
development
immunosuppressive
microenvironment,
which
apparently
unfavorable
clinical
immunotherapy.
The
endoplasmic
reticulum's
(ER)
pivotal
role
cellular
homeostasis
and
its
emerging
link
have
galvanized
interest
ER‐centric
imaging
therapeutics.
Herein,
using
targeted
group‐assisted
(TAGS),
an
intriguing
cyclooxygenase‐2‐targeted
conjugate,
Indo‐Cy
,
strategically
created,
exploits
enzyme's
overabundance
tumoral
ER,
especially
under
proinflammatory
hypoxic
conditions.
This
with
highly
precise
ER
imaging,
embodies
trifunctional
strategy:
i)
innovating
electron
transfer
mechanism,
converting
hemicyanine
moiety
into
oxygen‐independent
type
I
photosensitizer,
thereby
navigating
around
hypoxia
constraints
traditional
PDT;
ii)
executing
ER‐targeted
PDT,
amplifying
caspase‐1/GSDMD‐mediated
ICD;
3)
attenuating
pathways
inhibiting
cyclooxygenase‐2
downstream
factors,
including
HIF‐1α,
PGE2,
VEGF.
's
multimodal
approach
potently
induces
vivo
bolsters
immunity,
underscoring
dyes'
potential
as
versatile
oncotherapeutics.
Medical Gas Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 459 - 470
Published: April 29, 2025
Heart
failure
(HF)
is
a
leading
cause
of
mortality
among
patients
with
cardiovascular
disease
and
often
associated
myocardial
apoptosis
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
(ERS).
While
hydrogen
has
demonstrated
potential
in
reducing
oxidative
ERS,
recent
evidence
suggests
that
magnesium
may
aid
release
within
the
body,
further
enhancing
these
protective
effects.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
cardioprotective
effects
ERS
through
rat
model
isoproterenol
(ISO)-induced
HF.
Magnesium
was
administered
orally
ISO-induced
HF
rats,
which
improved
cardiac
function,
reduced
fibrosis
hypertrophy,
lowered
plasma
levels
creatine
kinase-MB,
troponin-I,
N-terminal
B-type
natriuretic
peptide
precursor
rats.
It
also
inhibited
cardiomyocyte
by
upregulating
B-cell
lymphoma-2,
downregulating
Bcl-2-associated
X
protein,
suppressing
markers
(glucose-related
protein
78,
activating
transcription
factor
4,
C/EBP-homologous
protein).
elevated
blood,
plasma,
tissue,
as
well
artificial
gastric
juice
pure
water,
where
lasted
for
at
least
four
hours.
Additionally,
complementary
vitro
experiments
were
conducted
using
H9C2
injury
models,
hydrogen-rich
culture
medium
intervention.
Hydrogen-rich
survival
proliferation
ISO-treated
cells,
cell
surface
area,
apoptosis,
downregulated
pathway
proteins.
However,
negated
tunicamycin
(an
inducer
ERS)
cells.
In
conclusion,
exerts
significant
cardioprotection
mitigating
Survey of Ophthalmology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
69(6), P. 905 - 915
Published: July 23, 2024
Highlights•Light
damage
is
considered
to
be
an
important
pathogenic
factor
leading
retinal
degenerative
diseases.•The
mechanisms
of
light
include
the
disruption
REDOX
balance
and
Ca2+
homeostasis,
pyroptosis,
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
cell
autophagy
inflammatory
release.•The
strategy
protection
promising.AbstractVisible
serves
as
a
crucial
medium
for
vision
formation.;however,
prolonged
or
excessive
exposure
recognized
significant
etiological
contributing
diseases.
The
retina,
with
its
unique
structure
adaptability,
relies
on
homeostasis
cellular
functions
maintain
visual
health.
Under
normal
conditions,
retina
can
mount
adaptive
responses
various
insults,
including
light-induced
damage.
Unfortunately,
intense
triggers
cascade
pathological
alterations
in
photoreceptor
cells,
pigment
epithelial
ganglion
glial
cells.
These
encompass
intracellular
Ca²⁺
autophagy,
release
cytokines,
culminating
irreversible
We
first
delineate
through
4
main
avenues:
mitochondria
function,
inflammation.
Subsequently,
we
discuss
protective
strategies
against
damage,
aiming
guide
research
toward
prevention
treatment
conditions.
Cell Death Discovery,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: April 6, 2025
Abstract
CDK5RAP3
is
a
binding
protein
of
CDK5
activating
proteins
and
also
one
the
key
co-factors
E3
enzyme
in
UFMylation
system.
Several
reports
have
implicated
involvement
other
components
system
neuronal
development
multiple
psychiatric
disorders.
However,
precise
role
neurons
remains
elusive.
In
this
study,
we
generated
neuron-specific
knockout
mice
(CDK5RAP
F/F
:
Nestin-Cre).
conditional
(CDK5RAP3
CKO)
exhibited
severe
encephalo-dysplasia
slower
developmental
trajectory
compared
to
wild-type
(WT)
succumbed
postnatal
demise
by
day
14.
Transcriptome
sequencing
unveiled
that
deficiency
affects
synapse
formation,
transmembrane
trafficking
physiological
programs
brain.
Morphological
analysis
demonstrated
leads
increased
SLC17A6
N-glycosylase
(RPN1
ALG2)
expression,
while
causing
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress.
vitro
experiments
utilizing
ROSA26-ERT2Cre
MEFs
were
conducted
elucidate
similar
mechanism
following
deletion.
Both
vivo
vitro,
significantly
expression
N-glycosylases
ALG2),
as
well
total
amount
glycoproteins.
may
potentially
maintain
balance
enhancing
degradation
RPN1
ALG2
through
proteolytic
pathways
autophagy.
This
study
underscores
indispensable
sheds
new
light
on
drug
discovery
endeavors
targeting
early
brain
abnormalities.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
66(5), P. 12 - 12
Published: May 6, 2025
This
study
aims
to
explore
how
lipocalin
2
(LCN2)
connects
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress
and
inflammation
in
optic
nerve
injury
(ONI)
identify
potential
therapeutic
strategies.
An
crush
(ONC)
mouse
model
was
used
investigate
the
role
of
ER
LCN2
ONI.
Immunofluorescence,
quantitative
PCR,
Western
blot
analyses
were
performed
assess
markers,
LCN2,
inflammation-related
genes,
retinal
ganglion
cell
(RGC)
survival,
with
or
without
treatment
4PBA
(an
inhibitor)
TUN
activator)
both
ONC
BV2
cells.
Lcn2
knockdown
achieved
using
small
interfering
RNA
cells
adeno-associated
virus
(AAV)-mediated
gene
silencing
vivo
underlying
signaling
pathways.
markers
(GRP78,
ATF4,
CHOP)
expression
increased
retinas,
accompanied
by
microglial
activation
RGC
loss.
Inhibition
effectively
decreased
expression,
attenuated
activation,
survival
post-ONC.
Intravitreal
injection
recombinant
induced
a
proinflammatory
phenotype
microglia
exacerbated
neurotoxicity.
AAV-mediated
mitigated
reduced
neuroinflammation,
provided
neuroprotection,
surpassing
treatment.
In
vitro
studies
further
confirmed
that
significantly
inflammatory
response
inhibiting
NLRP3
inflammasome
via
TLR4/NF-κB
pathway.
elucidates
critical
linking
ONI,
offering
promising
target.
outperforms
broad
inhibition,
providing
novel
strategy
for
treating
injuries.
Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(2), P. 243 - 256
Published: April 25, 2024
Objective:
Drug-induced
liver
injury
(DILI)
is
the
leading
cause
of
acute
failure
and
poses
a
significant
challenge
to
human
health.
Rhubarb
(
Rheum
officinale
Baill
.
DaHuang)
has
been
clinically
used
for
its
heat-clearing
diuresis-promoting
effects.
However,
toxic
effects
on
different
organelles
in
require
further
validation.
Methods:
We
analyzed
potential
targets
affecting
hepatotoxicity
rhubarb
damage
relationship
with
five
major
organelles,
including
microsomes,
mitochondria,
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
Golgi
apparatus
(GA),
lysosomes
through
Integrated
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
(ITCM)/HERB
databases
network
pharmacology.
isolated
purified
incubated
them
fractions
monomers
an
adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
culture
system
examined
structural
functional
changes
using
particle
size
analysis
molecular
biological
experiments
investigate
whether
affects
rupture
liver.
Results:
By
combining
virtual
predictions
experimental
verification,
our
research
confirmed
that
emodin
from
anthraquinone
rhubarb,
catechin
tannins
palmitic
acid
organic
acids
caused
most
representative
organelles.
Among
all
monomeric
compounds,
microsome,
ER,
lysosome;
induced
microsome
GA
damage;
microsomes
liver,
suggesting
components
may
exert
multi-organelle
injury.
Conclusions:
Our
findings
revealed
varying
degrees
damaging
which
turn
cellular
life
activities
by
impairing
organelle
morphology
function.
This
study
provides
theoretical
basis
technical
support
refined
rhubarb.
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 883 - 883
Published: July 16, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
leading
cause
of
vision
loss,
with
complex
mechanisms.
The
study
aimed
to
comprehensively
explore
vitreous
humor
diabetic
and
non-diabetic
individuals,
paving
the
way
for
identifying
potential
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
DR.
