Understanding anxiety symptoms as aberrant defensive responding along the threat imminence continuum

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105305 - 105305

Published: July 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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What have we really learned from functional connectivity in clinical populations?

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 242, P. 118466 - 118466

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Functional connectivity (FC), or the statistical interdependence of blood-oxygen dependent level (BOLD) signals between brain regions using fMRI, has emerged as a widely used tool for probing functional abnormalities in clinical populations due to promise approach across conceptual, technical, and practical levels. With an already vast steadily accumulating neuroimaging literature on neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, neurological diseases disorders which FC is primary measure, we aim here provide high-level synthesis major concepts that have arisen from findings manner cuts different conditions sheds light overarching principles. We highlight allowed us discover ubiquity intrinsic networks virtually all brains clarify typical patterns neurodevelopment over lifespan. This understanding maturation with age provided important benchmarks against evaluate divergent early life degeneration late life. turn led insight many are associated complex, distributed, network-level changes brain, opposed solely focal abnormalities. further emphasize role studies played supporting dimensional studying transdiagnostic symptoms enhancing multimodal characterization prediction trajectory symptom progression conditions. unprecedented opportunity offered by probe where function could not be easily studied otherwise, such consciousness. Lastly, suggest high priority areas future research acknowledge critical barriers use methods, particularly those related artifact removal, data denoising feasibility contexts.

Language: Английский

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A neurocognitive account of attentional control theory: how does trait anxiety affect the brain’s attentional networks?

Cognition & Emotion, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 220 - 237

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Attentional control theory (ACT) was proposed to account for trait anxiety's effects on cognitive performance. According ACT, impaired processing efficiency in high anxiety is mediated through inefficient executive processes that are needed effective attentional control. Here we review the central assumptions and predictions of ACT within context more recent empirical evidence from neuroimaging studies. We then attempt provide an a framework relevant their associated neural mechanisms networks, particularly fronto-parietal, cingular-opercula, default mode networks. Future research directions, including whether neuroscience-informed model can platform novel neurocognitive intervention anxiety, also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Association of Generalized Anxiety Disorder With Autonomic Hypersensitivity and Blunted Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Peripheral Adrenergic Stimulation

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(4), P. 323 - 323

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

β-Adrenergic stimulation elicits heart palpitations and dyspnea, key features of acute anxiety sympathetic arousal, yet no neuroimaging studies have examined how the pharmacologic modulation interoceptive signals is associated with fear-related neurocircuitry in individuals generalized disorder (GAD).To examine neural circuitry underlying autonomic arousal induced via isoproterenol, a rapidly acting, peripheral β-adrenergic agonist akin to adrenaline.This crossover randomized clinical trial 58 women artifact-free data was conducted from January 1, 2017, November 31, 2019, at Laureate Institute for Brain Research Tulsa, Oklahoma.Functional magnetic resonance imaging used assess responses during intravenous bolus infusions isoproterenol (0.5 2.0 μg) saline, each administered twice double-blind fashion.Blood oxygen level-dependent across whole brain administration patients GAD vs healthy comparators. Cardiac respiratory responses, as well awareness anxiety, were also measured infusion protocol.Of female study participants, 29 had (mean [SD] age, 26.9 [6.8] years) matched comparators 24.4 [5.0] years). During 0.5-μg dose group exhibited higher rate (b = 5.34; 95% CI, 2.06-8.61; P .002), intensity ratings cardiorespiratory sensations 8.38; 2.05-14.71; .01), levels self-reported 1.04; 0.33-1.76; .005), significant hypoactivation ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) that evident throughout peak response (Cohen d 1.55; < .001) early recovery 1.52; periods. Correlational analysis physiological subjective indexes percentage signal change extracted revealed vmPFC inversely correlated (r56 -0.51, adjusted retrospective both heartbeat -0.50, .002) breathing -0.44, .01) sensations. Ventromedial continuous dial trend level -0.38, .051), whereas -0.28, .27) chronotropic 25 -0.14, .72) showed such association.In this trial, hypersensitivity low adrenergic characterized by elevated rate, heightened awareness, increased blunted localized vmPFC. These findings support notion hyperarousal may be regulatory dysfunctions vmPFC, which could serve treatment target help more appropriately appraise regulate arousal.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02615119.

Language: Английский

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Depressive symptoms in cognitively unimpaired older adults are associated with lower structural and functional integrity in a frontolimbic network

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 5086 - 5095

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

Abstract Subclinical depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the brain mechanisms underlying this relationship still unclear. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview substrates subclinical in cognitively unimpaired older adults using complementary multimodal neuroimaging data. included from baseline data primary cohort Age-Well ( n = 135), and replication ADNI 252). In both cohorts, were assessed 15-item version Geriatric Depression Scale; based on scale, participants classified as having (>0) or not (0). Voxel-wise between-group comparisons performed highlight differences gray matter volume, glucose metabolism amyloid deposition; well white integrity (only available Age-Well). had lower volume hippocampus fornix posterior parts cingulum corpus callosum, compared without symptoms. Hippocampal atrophy was recovered ADNI, where also showed hypometabolism hippocampus, amygdala, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, medial dorsolateral prefrontal insula, temporoparietal cortex. deposition either cohort. ageing linked neurodegeneration biomarkers frontolimbic network including areas particularly sensitive AD. The between AD may be partly underpinned by common regions.

Language: Английский

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Psychoneuroendocrinology

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

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Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Resting state functional connectivity correlates of rumination and worry in internalizing psychopathologies

Depression and Anxiety, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 488 - 497

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

Background Rumination and worry are repetitive negative thinking (RNT) tendencies that contribute to the development maintenance of internalizing psychopathologies. Accruing data suggest rumination represent overlapping unique transdiagnostic cognitive processes. Yet, prior neuroimaging research has mostly focused on in depression, which points involvement resting-state brain activity default mode, executive, salience, and/or affective networks. Methods The current study examined relations between during rest RNT a sample. Resting-state fMRI was analyzed 80 unmedicated patients with conditions. Regression analysis, controlling for anxiety depression symptoms, performed seed regions implicated were assessed standard self-report measures. Results Whole-brain regression results showed more jointly corresponded greater positive functional connectivity (rsFC) amygdala prefrontal (i.e., middle frontal gyrus, inferior gyrus). Conversely, (controlling rumination) rsFC precuneus. No significant observed alone worry). Conclusions Findings indicate network plays role RNT, distinct patterns executive mode networks across different mechanisms as unitary construct construct.

Language: Английский

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Mind wandering and depression: A status report

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 104505 - 104505

Published: Dec. 17, 2021

While many clinical studies and overviews on the contribution of rumination to depression exist, relatively little information regarding role mind wandering (MW) in general is available. Therefore, it remains an open question whether patterns MW are altered and, if so, how these alterations related rumination. Here, we review discuss investigating cohorts, showing either a clinically significant or with disorders accompanied by depressive symptoms. These yield first tentative insights into major issues. However, further investigations required, specifically which: i) compare patients primary diagnosis healthy appropriately matched controls, ii) implement measures both rumination, iii) based experience sampling (in combination other key approaches), iv) during daily life, resting state attentional tasks, v) explore possible biases assessment MW, vi) acquire data not only propensity contents but also meta-awareness intentionality.

Language: Английский

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Neural correlations between cognitive deficits and emotion regulation strategies: understanding emotion dysregulation in depression from the perspective of cognitive control and cognitive biases

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 86 - 99

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

The link between cognitive function and emotion regulation may be helpful in better understanding the onset, maintenance, treatment for depression. However, it remains unclear whether there are neural correlates dysregulation deficits To address this question, we first review representations of depression (including control biases). Based on comparisons versus deficits, propose an accessible reasonable dysregulation, control, biases Specifically, serves whole process regulation, whereas engaged processes at different stages. Moreover, abnormal implementation strategies is consistently affected by which involved dorsolateral, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex. Besides, relationship distinct: orbitofrontal cortex contributes to association ineffective reappraisal negative interpretation bias, while subgenual posterior underline tendency depressed individuals ruminate overly engage self-referential bias. This sheds light identifies directions need future attention.

Language: Английский

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