From probiotics to postbiotics: Concepts and applications

Animal Research and One Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 92 - 114

Published: July 3, 2023

Abstract In recent years, the important role of gut microbiota in promoting animal health and regulating immune function livestock poultry has been widely reported. The issue problems causes significant economic losses each year. Probiotics postbiotics have developed as additives due to their beneficial effects balancing host microbiota, enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier, immunity, whole‐body metabolism. are composed complex ingredients, with different components compositions having effects, requiring classification for discussing mechanisms action. considerable prospects preventing various diseases industry feed medical applications. This review highlights application value probiotics potential probiotic products, emphasizing concept, mechanism action, application, improve productivity poultry.

Language: Английский

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Citric Acid Promotes Immune Function by Modulating the Intestinal Barrier

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1239 - 1239

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Amidst increasing concern about antibiotic resistance resulting from the overuse of antibiotics, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative agents. One such agent citric acid, an organic compound commonly used for various applications. Our research findings indicate that inclusion acid can have several beneficial effects on tight junctions found mouse intestine. Firstly, study suggests may contribute to weight gain by stimulating growth intestinal epithelial cells (IE-6). Citric enhances small villus–crypt ratio mice, thereby promoting structural morphology. Additionally, has been increase population microorganisms, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. It also promotes expression important protein genes as occludin, ZO-1, claudin-1, which play crucial roles maintaining integrity junction barrier intestines. Furthermore, infected IEC-6 with H9N2 avian influenza virus, augmented closely associated virus infection. Moreover, it reduces inflammatory response caused viral infection thwarted replication. These suggest fortifies barrier, inhibits replication viruses targeting tract, boosts immune function.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Lonicerae flos and Turmeric extracts on growth performance and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 103488 - 103488

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of Lonicerae flos and Turmeric extracts (LTE) added diets on growth performance intestinal health broilers. A total 720 healthy 21-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, with 6 replicates 40 per replicate. These dietary treatments included a basal diet + 0 g/t LTE (CON), 300 (LTE300), 500 (LTE500). The results showed that supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (d 21-38) feed intake 21-60). At d 60, LTE300 had highest serum antioxidant capacity superoxide dismutase 0.05), LTE500 lowest malondialdehyde level among three groups. Moreover, compared CON, significantly reduced endotoxin 38 60) diamine oxidase activity 38); levels in serum. groups ileal ratio villus height crypt depth immunoglobulin G. Furthermore, also improved epithelial barrier by up-regulated mRNA expression Claudin-1, Occludin zonula occludens-1, decreased interleukin-2, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κB, myeloid differentiation 88 toll-like receptor 4. Compared 16S rRNA sequencing analysis better microbial diversity composition ileum, Bacillus Lactobacillus_agilis enriched LTE300. PICRUSt was four pathway pathways at KEGG 2. In conclusion, enhancing capacity, immune function, regulating flora

Language: Английский

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Ameliorative avian gut environment and bird productivity through the application of safe antibiotics alternatives: a comprehensive review

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 102(9), P. 102840 - 102840

Published: June 13, 2023

The avian digestive tract is an important system for converting ingested food into the nutrients their bodies need maintenance, growth, and reproduction (meat, table eggs, fertile eggs). Therefore, preserving integrity crucial to bird health productivity. As alternative antibiotics, world has recently turned use of natural products enhance development, intestinal health, production. primary goal this review explain various characteristics how its performance with natural, safe feed additives such as exogenous enzymes, organic acids, photogenic products, amino prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, herbal extracts. In conclusion, composition gut microbiome can be influenced by a number circumstances, consequences productivity birds. To better understand connection between pathogens, variety therapies available, gut, additional research needs carried out.

Language: Английский

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Benzoic Acid, Enterococcus faecium, and Essential Oil Complexes Improve Ovarian and Intestinal Health via Modulating Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens Challenged with Clostridium perfringens and Coccidia

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 299 - 299

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Intestinal disease is becoming increasingly prevalent in poultry production; however, the effect of BEC laying hens challenged with C. perfringens and coccidia limited. This study aimed to investigate effects dietary supplementation on intestinal ovarian health coccidia. A total 80 Lohmann gray (35 weeks) were randomly assigned two groups supplemented (0 or 1000 mg/kg). Each group contained 40 replicates, one bird each (one hen per cage). During sixth week trial, half (n = 20) administered mL (2.5 × 1010 CFU/mL) 0.15 (55,000 sporangia/mL), while other phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The results indicated that those had severely damaged jejunal histopathological morphology, increased oxidative damage, decreased cecal acetic acid butyric content (p < 0.05), resulted lower gut microbial richness diversity. diet mg/kg reduced pathological damage short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content, enhanced diversity 0.05) Furthermore, positive associated changes composition structure. In summary, has potential reduce severity caused by challenges posed through modulation microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Chicken Intestinal Organoids Reveal Polarity-Dependent Replication Dynamics and Immune Responses of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(4), P. 104921 - 104921

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) persist in poultry populations, posing an ongoing challenge to management and research. These typically cause mild infections but can lead significant economic losses due their widespread presence potential disrupt production. Traditional vivo vitro models struggle accurately replicate the intestinal environment, where these often establish infection. In Taiwan, domestic H6N1 LPAIVs endemic local area still lack investigation. This study addresses this gap by utilizing advanced chicken organoid (CIO) systems, apical-out (Ap-o), basal-out (Ba-o) conformations unique replication kinetics innate immune responses of a physiologically relevant setting. By comparing Taiwan specialized strain toward Eurasian H9N2 virus, our results demonstrate that Ap-o organoids, which mimic natural exposure lumen, elicit robust interferon-stimulated gene responses, particularly higher expression downstream gene, effectively controls viral against virus. contrast, Ba-o representing systemic infection route, exhibited lower upstream interferon reflecting different response pattern strain. confirm CIO is well-suited model LPAIV pathogenesis. It provides key insights into host-pathogen interactions determine evasion strategies. deepens understanding behavior valuable tool for developing more targeted effective control strategies health management.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal-pulmonary axis: a ‘Force For Good’ against respiratory viral infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 18, 2025

Respiratory viral infections are a major global public health concern, and current antiviral therapies still have limitations. In recent years, research has revealed significant similarities between the immune systems of gut lungs, which interact through complex physiological network known as "gut-lung axis." As one largest organs, gut, along with forms an inter-organ network, strong parallels in innate mechanisms, such activation pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Furthermore, microbiota influences responses lungs mechanisms systemic transport microbiota-derived metabolites, cell migration, cytokine regulation. Studies shown that dysbiosis can exacerbate severity respiratory may impact efficacy therapies. This review discusses synergistic role gut-lung axis immunity against viruses explores potential strategies for modulating to mitigate infections. Future should focus on drive development novel clinical treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Factors; Especially Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses; Affect Chicken Digestive System Microbiota and Methods of Its Evaluation and Recovery: A review

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 733 - 760

Published: May 27, 2023

Chickens gut have diverse and complex microbial agents that a critical function in digestability, nutrients uptake, development of immunity pathogen fight. Then, health bird productivty performance been linked to falctuation the intestinal microbiome components. Nevertheless, many factors affect functionality, integrity bird's including circumestannces, ration, microbiota. Pathogenesis enteric non illness may result disturbances ecosystem; dysbiosis. Gumboro disease is serious infectious viral affects chicks significant morbidity mortality rates. The bursa fabrecius target organ this immunosuppressive virus. Infectious bursal (IBD) virus causes histological lesions, alterations immune cells, changes population by reproducing gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Our review as part Master's degree poultry diseases, mainly focuses on collection published data role chicken microbiota health, host productivity addition affecting age, sex, breed, maternal antibody, season, ration composition, antibiotics, relation between with special reference effect IBD ecosystem probiotic prebiotic correction

Language: Английский

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Dietary methionine sources and levels modulate the intestinal health status of broiler chickens

Animal nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 242 - 255

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Given the key role of methionine in biological processes, adequate should be provided to meet nutritional requirements. DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) has been considered as an important source methionine. However, effects different sources and levels on intestinal health status have not clarified yet. An experiment was carried out investigate dietary epithelial barrier, inflammatory cytokines expression, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles. For this purpose, 720 male Arbor Acre broiler chicks at 1 d old were randomly assigned a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with (DL-methionine DL-HMTBA) total sulfur amino (TSAA) (80%, 100%, 120% recommendation). The results showed that DL-HMTBA supplementation promoted physical barrier both gene expression level claudin-1 serum diamine oxidase (P < 0.05), cytokine IL-6 mRNA down-regulated by compared DL-methionine group 0.05). Meanwhile, upregulated zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) observed low-TSAA treatment 14 whereas increased IL-1β Villus height crypt depth ratio high 0.05) middle-level TSAA group. Furthermore, optimized ileum especially relative abundance Lactobacillus, where digestion absorption completed, elevated concentrations SCFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate) content 21 0.01). In conclusion, improved function, immune homeostasis promote chickens.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides as Feed Supplement on Immune Function and Intestinal Microbiome in Chickens

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2774 - 2774

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

The health of chicks is closely related to their productivity. Yupingfeng polysaccharide (YPF-P) a kind water-soluble extracted from powder; it has high pharmacological activity and can be used as potential substitute for antibiotics improve the chicks. This study aimed investigate effects YPF-P on immune performance, duodenum, cecal microflora All chickens (4224) were randomly distributed into four groups (eight replicas/group, 132 hens/replica). control group was fed basal diet (0 g/kg YPF-P), while experimental diets supplemented with 1, 2, or 4 YPF-P. results showed that significantly increased thymus index (p < 0.05). content total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG M (IgM) upregulated in serum by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) Further, 16S rRNA sequencing 2 modulated predominant duodenum microbial community structure, which number Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, Bacteroides, Alistipes, NK4A214_group, Enterococcus. In conclusion, ameliorated growth performance regulating balance, well intestinal microbiota.

Language: Английский

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