Slow but Steady: Similarities and Differences in Executive Functioning Between Autistic and Non‐Autistic Adults

Autism Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Prior research has established differences between autistic and non‐autistic individuals across the domains of executive function (EF). While some early theories portrayed these as universal to autism spectrum, recent findings have been quite mixed. Factors like small samples, components EF being measured, age intelligence quotient (IQ) those compared may contribute this diversity in results. Moreover, suggests performance over time might fluctuate different patterns for individuals. To test possible influence factors upon them, we recruited a sample 900 participants (with generally average/above average IQ levels) from 18 77 years age. They completed battery tasks measuring inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, attentional orienting social nonsocial cues. We found that was similar groups our primary measures EF, although were consistently slower, more susceptible effects spatial cueing, prone certain errors memory task. Differences not influenced by participants' age, gender, or IQ. Performance varied only adults still face related challenges real life, suggest does necessarily imply dysfunction on basic level, contradicting assuming impairments therein. lack included demographic explanations discrepancies literature lie elsewhere.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive and brain morphological deviations in middle-to-old aged autistic adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 105782 - 105782

Published: June 27, 2024

Cognitive challenges and brain structure variations are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but rarely explored middle-to-old aged autistic adults. deficits that overlap between young individuals elderlies with dementia raise an important question: does compromised cognitive ability during early development drive adults to be more vulnerable pathological aging conditions, or it protect them from further decline? To answer this question, we have synthesized current theoretical models of ASD conducted a systematic literature review (Jan 1, 1980 - Feb 29, 2024) meta-analysis summarize empirical studies on deviations We findings support different theories addressed study limitations future directions. This sheds light the poorly understood consequences question raised by community pave way for identify sensitive reliable measures best predict onset, progression, prognosis ASD.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive and Cerebral Aging Research in Autism: A Systematic Review on an Emerging Topic

Autism Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Aging in autism is an emerging and under‐explored area of research. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview studies on cognitive both structural functional cerebral aging autism. A search PubMed APA PsycInfo was conducted up to including January 2024. Two researchers independently screened identified relevant English (i.e., processing speed, executive function, working memory, episodic memory) and/or aspects) Study quality assessed using the QualSyst quantitative scale minimize bias. Thirty‐six met inclusion criteria, with nine focusing mechanisms, 19 eight addressing both. We examined profiles within context three hypotheses: accelerated aging, parallel safeguard hypothesis. The synthesis does not reveal consistent pattern respect any hypotheses, as results varied across methodology types (cross‐sectional vs. longitudinal) studies, even similar measures or function. highlights ongoing lack consensus this area, which may be attributed various internal external factors (e.g., participants age, co‐occurring conditions, lifestyle, reserve). Despite divergent findings, suggests that cross‐sectional autistic predominantly align In contrast, few longitudinal are only ones capable directly informing process, more Further research crucial understand how impact symptomatology, enabling tailored support.

Language: Английский

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The experienced route to cognitive health: Cognitive recovery in persons with prior stress-related Exhaustion disorder

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 14, 2025

Abstract Background People diagnosed with stress-related exhaustion disorder report high levels of cognitive symptoms. This study aimed to explore how persons Exhaustion (ED) experienced functioning and recovery 6-10 years after participating in a rehabilitation programme. Specifically, it investigated the experiences current functioning, change over time, what had been barriers or facilitators for recovery. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted 38 previously ED (Mean age: 52; Females: 32) explored using thematic analysis. Results The analysis resulted four themes: “’It’s different now’: Remaining symptoms”, “The bigger picture: Cognitive context”, “Overcoming challenges: Strategies coping approach towards cognition matters”. participants’ varied but included descriptions on become better some remaining These difficulties reported across domains, yet often centred around upholding executive control. was seen context overall well-being which differed between participants. Facilitators thus persons, both restorative compensatory strategies, external conditions, degree worry, development more acceptant self-compassionate view oneself. Conclusions results show that is multifaceted. rehabilitation, improvement everyday also lingering challenges, related maintenance Recovery influenced by factors such as general well-being, worrying, adaptation accepting perspectives. findings indicate need tailored, person-centred approaches supporting Trial registration Participants recruited part Rehabilitation Improved Cognition (RECO) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073772, date registration: 8 March, 2017). preregistered Open Science Framework (osf.io: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S2W6X ).

Language: Английский

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Affective disorders accompanied by cognitive impairment in patients with a cardiological profile: prevalence, multimorbidity, medical and social risk factors

Russian Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 25, 2024

Clinical and medico-social issues of affective pathology combined with cognitive impairment in cardiac patients are a serious problem modern medicine. This multimorbidity is characterized by higher risks social maladjustment, disability, concomitant health problems mortality. Cognitive dysfunctions great clinical importance, but their initial manifestations still insufficiently diagnosed. leads to missed opportunities for the prevention deficits. review presents epidemiological data, pathological mechanisms, biological psychosocial multimorbid connections cardiovascular, pathology. Full-text articles, fragments monographs selected keywords databases Scopus, Web Science, Medline, RSCI, eLibrary.ru, disserCat.ru, Psychiatrist, Sciencedirect were used.

Language: Английский

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