Aerobic exercise in the treatment of PTSD: An examination of preclinical and clinical laboratory findings, potential mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions

Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 102680 - 102680

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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The therapeutic potential of exercise in post-traumatic stress disorder and its underlying mechanisms: A living systematic review of human and non-human studies

Wellcome Open Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 720 - 720

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Background Exercise for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially effective adjunct to psychotherapy. However, the biopsychosocial mechanisms of exercise are not well understood. This co-produced living systematic review synthesizes evidence from human and non-human studies. Methods We Included controlled studies involving searches multiple electronic databases (until 31.10.23). Records were screened, extracted, assessed risk bias, reconciled by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity, while outcomes interest included freezing behaviour, fear memory, generalization, startle response, locomotion. Data synthesised with random-effects meta-analysis. Results Eleven met eligibility criteria. Overall, associated severity improvement compared control (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.24 0.07; 8 studies, one at low bias). High-intensity reduced symptoms scores more than moderate-intensity exercise. There insufficient data examine effects on functional impairment, clusters, remission. Only three all high examined inconclusive results. in behavioural outcomes, including locomotor activity (SMD 1.30, CI 0.74 1.87, 14 studies), changes several neurobiological markers, increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1.79, 0.56 3.01). Conclusions While provide compelling beneficial exercise, trials do not. Evidence suggest that might levels factor, enhance cognitive appraisal, improve perceived exertion. paucity effectiveness action underscore need rigorous trials. Registration protocol registered PROSPERO (ID:453615; 22.08.2023).

Language: Английский

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The therapeutic potential of exercise in post-traumatic stress disorder and its underlying mechanisms: A living systematic review of human and non-human studies

Wellcome Open Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 720 - 720

Published: April 7, 2025

Background Exercise for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially effective adjunct to psychotherapy. However, the biopsychosocial mechanisms of exercise are not well understood. This co-produced living systematic review synthesizes evidence from human and non-human studies. Methods We Included controlled studies involving searches multiple electronic databases (until 31.10.23). Records were screened, extracted, assessed risk bias, reconciled by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity, while outcomes interest included freezing behaviour, fear memory, generalization, startle response, locomotion. Data synthesised with random-effects meta-analysis. Results Eleven met eligibility criteria. Overall, associated severity improvement compared control (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.24 0.07; 8 studies, one at low bias). High-intensity reduced symptoms scores more than moderate-intensity exercise. There insufficient data examine effects on functional impairment, clusters, remission. Only three all high examined inconclusive results. in behavioural outcomes, including locomotor activity (SMD 1.30, CI 0.74 1.87, 14 studies), changes several neurobiological markers, increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1.79, 0.56 3.01). Conclusions While provide compelling beneficial exercise, trials do not. Evidence suggest that might levels factor, enhance cognitive appraisal, improve perceived exertion. paucity effectiveness action underscore need rigorous trials. Registration protocol registered PROSPERO (ID:453615; 22.08.2023).

Language: Английский

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On making (and turning adaptive to) maladaptive aversive memories in laboratory rodents

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 105101 - 105101

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Exercise on the Endocannabinoid System

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 388 - 408

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

Introduction: The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis, including the regulation of metabolism and stress responses. Chronic may blunt eCB signaling, disruptions signaling have been linked to stress-related psychiatric disorders physical health conditions, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic disorder (PTSD), diabetes, obesity. Pharmacological nonpharmacological behavioral interventions (e.g., exercise) that target be promising therapeutic approaches for prevention treatment diseases. In this study, we perform systematic review first meta-analysis examine impact exercise on circulating concentrations. Materials Methods: We performed MEDLINE (PubMed) database original articles examining eCBs humans animal models. A total 262 were screened initial inclusion. Results: Thirty-three (reporting 57 samples) included 10 meta-analysis. majority samples measured anandamide (AEA) showed significant increase AEA concentrations following acute (74.4%), whereas effects 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) inconsistent. meta-analysis, however, revealed consistent both 2-AG across modalities running, cycling), species humans, mice), those with without pre-existing conditions PTSD, depression). There was substantial heterogeneity magnitude effect studies, which relate intensity, fitness, timing measurement, and/or fasted state. Effects chronic Conclusions: Potential interpretations implications exercise-induced mobilization are discussed, refilling energy stores mediating analgesic mood elevating exercise. also offer recommendations future work discuss psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms through which exercise reduces symptom severity and/or functional impairment in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Protocol for a living systematic review of human and non-human studies

Wellcome Open Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 494 - 494

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Background Exercise can play an important role in reducing symptom severity and improving functional impairment patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the precise mechanisms underpinning effect of exercise PTSD management are not fully understood. This living systematic review aims to synthesize triangulate evidence from non-human human studies gain insight into biopsychosocial through which reduces impairment. Methods Independent searches will be conducted electronic databases identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently conduct study selection, data extraction, risk bias assessment. We extract outcome variables that act as modifiers or mediators exercise. For studies, include equivalents clusters. primary severity. The secondary outcomes avoidance severity, reexperiencing hyperarousal negative cognitions mood impairment, loss diagnosis, dropout rates. To explain affects interest, we effects relate impact on potential mediating later outcomes. Comparison within-study direct indirect obtained mediation analysis, when reported, provide importance examined mediator. If appropriate, results using meta-analyses. examine total understand better symptoms function (when possible). about association between PTSD-related considered a consensus meeting sufficient is available. Protocol registration PROSPERO-ID: 453615

Language: Английский

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Quality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an important brain modulatory network. ECS regulates homeostasis throughout development, from progenitor fate decision to neuro- and gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, plasticity circuit repair, up learning, memory, fear, protection, death. It a major player in the hypothalamic-peripheral system-adipose tissue regulation of food intake, energy storage, nutritional status, adipose mass, consequently affecting obesity. Loss control might affect mood disorders (anxiety, hyperactivity, psychosis, depression), lead drug abuse, impact neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, Huntington, Multiple, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum) disorders. Practice regular physical and/or mind-body mindfulness meditative activities have been shown modulate (eCB) levels, addition other players as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). involved pain, inflammation, metabolic cardiovascular dysfunctions, general immune responses (asthma, allergy, arthritis) tumor expansion, both/either periphery. reason for such vast fact that arachidonic acid, precursor eCBs, present every membrane cell body on demand eCBs synthesis regulated by electrical activity calcium shifts. Novel lipid (lipoxins resolvins) or peptide (hemopressin) also operate regulators physiological allostasis. Indeed, presence cannabinoid receptors intracellular organelles mitochondria lysosomes, nuclear targets PPARγ consumption, metabolism To live better life implies vigilant ECS, through healthy diet selection (based balanced omega-3 -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), weekly exercises meditation therapy, all which regulating surrounded constructive social Cannabidiol, supplement has with anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antioxidant activities. Cognitive challenges emotional intelligence strengthen built variety synapses modify human behavior. As therapeutically concerned, essential maintaining cannabinoids are promising tools innumerous targets.

Language: Английский

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Circulating endocannabinoids and psychological outcomes in women with PTSD

Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93, P. 102656 - 102656

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Aerobic exercise after extinction learning reduces return of fear and enhances memory of items encoded during extinction learning

Mental health and physical activity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100510 - 100510

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fear conditioning depends on the nature of the unconditional stimulus and may be related to hair levels of endocannabinoids

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(8)

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract The replicability of fear conditioning research has come under recent scrutiny, with increasing acknowledgment that the use differing materials and methods may lead to incongruent results. Direct comparisons between main two unconditional stimuli used in – an electric shock or a loud scream—are scarce, yet these are usually interchangeably. In present study, we tested whether scream, shock, unpredictable combination affected acquisition, extinction, return amongst healthy participants ( N = 109, 81 female). We also collected hair samples relationship endocannabinoid levels. Our findings suggest that, although subjective ratings pleasantness, arousal, anxiety were similar regardless used, skin conductance responses significantly lower for paired scream compared alone. Further, reducing predictability stimulus reduced habituation during acquisition reacquisition, but did not produce stronger Exploratory analyses suggested endocannabinoids associated overall physiological arousal conditioning, as well higher threat cue, safety cue. These have multiple implications design provide first evidence association levels human conditioning.

Language: Английский

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