Stable isotope ecology of Quaternary cervid and bovid species in Southeast Asia with implications for wildlife conservation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Southeast Asia, one of the major biodiversity hotspots, is experiencing substantial species loss, with predictions indicating that 13-85% are threatened to lose their original habitats. As herbivores play a crucial role in shaping structure environments and ecosystem dynamics region, it protect these endangered species. Here we measure stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) tooth enamel samples eight extant Asian cervid bovid taxa, mostly listed as either or vulnerable by IUCN compare results Pleistocene counterparts, order investigate dietary preferred habitat changes through time. result, three distinct categories ecological patterns among ruminant taxa observed: (1) time (i.e. Axis axis, Rucervus eldii, Bos javanicus, gaurus), (2) those more restricted diets habitats today than past Rusa unicolor Bubalus arnee), (3) unchanged over porcinus Muntiacus muntjak). In case changes, C4-grazer isotopes showed shift towards greater reliance on C3 plants closed during Holocene. The evidence raises question whether climatic environmental and/or anthropogenic pressure have significantly driven population decline can contribute understanding future conservation outlooks existing wildlife populations Asia.

Language: Английский

Technological variability in the Hoabinhian: the example of slab lithic production from the Doi Pha Kan site (Northern Thailand)

Comptes Rendus Palevol, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(2)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

This research examines the unique lithic technology at Doi Pha Kan site dated 13 300 to 12 800 calBP in Northern Thailand during Hoabinhian period (which globally extends from final Late Pleistocene Mid Holocene) by means of a technological and morpho-metric analysis. While it shares similarities with typical assemblages, significant deviations reduction methods, targeted tool types, singular presence sequences dedicated production diversity slab tools. Nevertheless, study blanks existence distinct population within world, indicating shift towards lighter, composite tools, which may represent modern trajectory or phase culture. The also ­explores potential influence climatic fluctuations end on human behaviors evolution Southeast Asia. However, due limited available paleoenvironmental data few seasonal contrasts tropics world without winter, direct connection remains elusive for moment. underscores need further interdisciplinary collaboration comprehensive understanding paleoecology region as well innovative technical adaptation.

Language: Английский

An integrative study of new environmental and cultural data from the Hoabinhian of Laang Spean Cave (Cambodia) including modern human remains

Quaternary Environments and Humans, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 100020 - 100020

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Although the Hoabinhian culture is renowned for its unifacial pebble tools and discovery dates back more than a century, only handful of sites provide complete information on this period. The site Laang Spean, in Cambodia, has recently been described as burial cave Neolithic period, but it was previously known an emblematic Cambodia. More comprehensive studies indicate that offers wide window onto settlement between 12900 5000 cal BP. archaeological layer at Spean include faunal, human lithic remains enrich our understanding environment way life ancient culture. faunal assemblage, dominated by bovines, tortoises, molluscs, cervids, reflects diverse ecosystem adaptability people. presence both humid dry forest indicators, alongside significant wetland areas, suggests their ability to exploit variety habitats. characterized lower representation unifaces greater use split cobbles, continuity basic reduction strategies with minor diachronic changes raw material selection tool production, possibly reflecting technological adaptations increased intensity occupation. remains, though challenging contextualize precisely, contributes patterns cultural links prehistoric Southeast Asia. new data allow deeper interpretation environmental hunting people, including responses climatic changes, such end Younger Dryas. This enhanced knowledge significantly comprehension dynamics subsistence practices Asia underscores necessity reassessing key modern excavation dating techniques.

Language: Английский