Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 185 - 201

Published: Jan. 30, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Clinical impact of sexual dimorphism in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Liver International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(8), P. 1713 - 1733

Published: May 12, 2021

NAFLD/NASH is a sex-dimorphic disease, with general higher prevalence in men. Women are at reduced risk of NAFLD compared to men fertile age, whereas after menopause women have comparable as Indeed, sexual category, sex hormones and gender habits interact numerous factors including cytokines, stress environmental alter the profiles phenotypes NAFLD. In present review, we summarized last findings about influence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, progression cirrhosis, indication for liver transplantation alternative therapies, lifestyle modification pharmacological strategies. We confident that an appropriate consideration sex, hormonal status sociocultural differences will lead better understanding risk, therapeutic targets treatment responses aid achieving sex-specific personalized therapies.

Language: Английский

---

The effects of caloric restriction on adipose tissue and metabolic health are sex- and age-dependent

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 25, 2023

Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the risk of age-related diseases in numerous species, including humans. CR's metabolic effects, decreased adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity, are important for its broader health benefits; however, extent basis sex differences benefits unknown. We found that 30% CR young (3-month-old) male mice fat mass glucose tolerance whereas these effects were blunted or absent females. Females' resistance to loss was associated with lipolysis, energy expenditure fatty acid oxidation, increased postprandial lipogenesis, compared males. The homeostasis not differential uptake but altered hepatic ceramide content substrate metabolism: males, females had lower TCA cycle activity higher blood ketone concentrations, a marker acetyl-CoA content. This suggests males use it accumulates, stimulating gluconeogenesis limiting hypoglycaemia during CR. In aged (18-months old), when anoestrus, similarly both sexes. Finally, cohort overweight obese humans, CR-induced also sex- age-dependent: younger (<45 years) resisted while older subjects (>45 this difference absent. Collectively, studies identify age-dependent highlight adipose tissue, liver oestrogen as key determinants benefits. These findings have implications understanding interplay between diet health, maximising

Language: Английский

---

Sex-Specific Factors Influencing Obesity in Women: Bridging the Gap Between Science and Clinical Practice

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136(6), P. 594 - 605

Published: March 13, 2025

Obesity in women is a significant public health issue with serious implications for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This complex challenge influenced by physiological, hormonal, socioeconomic, cultural factors. Women face unique weight management challenges due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, perimenopause, menopause, which affect fat distribution increase risk. Current clinical guidelines often overlook these sex-specific factors, potentially limiting the effectiveness of obesity strategies women. review explores aspects obesity’s pathophysiology, epidemiological trends, associated comorbidities, focusing on metabolic complications. synthesizes literature women, emphasizing factors influencing its development progression. It examines limitations body mass index as an measure alternative classification methods. Additionally it investigates relationship between comorbidities such diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, focus postmenopausal linked increased risks Hormonal fluctuations throughout life contribute gain patterns specific increasing disease Effective must account variations. Postmenopausal are particularly affected obesity-related Lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery have shown efficacy management, though success rates vary. Addressing requires comprehensive approach that considers physiological life-stage challenges, sociocultural barriers. Integrating precision medicine emerging therapies offers potential more personalized effective interventions. Personalized consider women’s biological can enhance improve outcomes. Future research practice should developing tailored address vulnerabilities validating interventions

Language: Английский

---

Comparing the Effects of Low-Protein and High-Carbohydrate Diets and Caloric Restriction on Brain Aging in Mice

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 2234 - 2243.e6

Published: Nov. 1, 2018

Calorie restriction (CR) increases lifespan and improves brain health in mice. Ad libitum low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diets also extend lifespan, but it is not known whether they are beneficial for health. We compared hippocampus biology memory mice subjected to 20% CR or provided ad access one of three LPHC a control diet. Patterns RNA expression the 15-month-old were similar between fed when we looked at genes associated with longevity, cytokines, dendrite morphogenesis. Nutrient-sensing proteins, including SIRT1, mTOR, PGC1α, influenced by diet; however, effects varied sex. increased dendritic spines dentate gyrus neurons. Mice had modest improvements Barnes maze novel object recognition. recapitulate some benefits on aging.

Language: Английский

---

Sex Differences in the Association Between Measures of General and Central Adiposity and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction: Results From the UK Biobank

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(5)

Published: March 1, 2018

Background There are substantial differences in the distribution of adipose tissue between women and men. We assessed sex‐specific relationships their measures general central adiposity risk incident myocardial infarction ( MI ). Methods Results Between 2006 2010, UK Biobank recruited over 500 000 participants aged 40 to 69 years across United Kingdom. During 7 follow‐up, 5710 cases (28% women) were recorded among 265 988 213 622 men without a history cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression models yielded adjusted hazard ratios for associated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, waist‐to‐height ratio. was an approximate log‐linear relationship both sexes. A 1‐ SD higher respectively, (confidence intervals) 1.22 (1.17; 1.28), 1.35 (1.28; 1.42), 1.49 (1.39; 1.59), 1.34 (1.27; 1.40) 1.28 (1.23; 1.32), 1.33), 1.36 (1.30; 1.43), 1.33 1.38) The corresponding women‐to‐men 0.96 (0.91; 1.02), 1.07 (1.00; 1.14), 1.15 (1.06; 1.24), 1.03 (0.97; 1.09). Conclusions Although each have profound deleterious effects on sexes, circumference ratio conferred greater excess than Waist‐to‐hip more strongly index especially women.

Language: Английский

---

Hypercoagulopathy and Adipose Tissue Exacerbated Inflammation May Explain Higher Mortality in COVID-19 Patients With Obesity

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 28, 2020

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes, and a cytokine storm. Several reports from around the world have identified obesity severe as one of strongest risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization mechanical ventilation. Moreover, countries with greater prevalence higher morbidity mortality developing serious outcomes COVID-19. The understanding how this increased susceptibility people to develop forms SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs crucial implementing appropriate public health therapeutic strategies avoid symptoms complications in living obesity. Individuals white adipose tissue, which may act reservoir more extensive viral spread shedding, immune activation, pro-inflammatory amplification. Here we discuss related metabolic dysregulation, host cell entry induction hypercoagulopathy, leading also death. Taken together, it be better explore role visceral tissue inflammatory response investigate potential effect using specific target anti-inflammatories (canakinumab or anakinra IL-1β inhibition; anti-IL-6 antibodies IL-6 inhibition), anticoagulant anti-diabetic drugs treatment Defining immunopathological changes patients can provide prominent targets drug discovery clinical management improvement.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(19)

Published: April 23, 2018

Significance The frequency of the human-specific EDAR V370A isoform is highly elevated in North and East Asian populations. gene known to have several pleiotropic effects, among which are sweat gland density ductal branching mammary gland. former has led some geneticists argue that near-fixation this allele was caused by selection for modulation thermoregulatory sweating. We provide an alternative hypothesis, instead acted on allele’s effect increasing gland, thereby amplifying transfer critical nutrients infants via mother’s milk. This likely occurred during Last Glacial Maximum when a human population genetically isolated high-latitude environment Beringia.

Language: Английский

---

Adipose tissue in health and disease

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Adipose, or fat, tissue (AT) was once considered an inert that primarily existed to store lipids, and not historically recognized as important organ in the regulation maintenance of health. With rise obesity more rigorous research, AT is now a highly complex metabolic involved host physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis multitude endocrine capabilities. dysfunction has been implicated several disease states, most notably obesity, syndrome type 2 diabetes. The study provided useful insight developing strategies combat these prevalent diseases. This review highlights major functions adipose consequences can occur when disruption leads systemic dysfunction.

Language: Английский

---

Antipsychotic medication for women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(4), P. 649 - 663

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Abstract There are significant differences between men and women in the efficacy tolerability of antipsychotic drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview what is currently known about pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics antipsychotics with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) translate these insights into considerations for clinical practice. Slower drug absorption, metabolism excretion all lead to higher plasma levels, which increase risk side-effects. Moreover, reach dopamine receptor occupancy compared at similar serum since oestrogens sensitivity. As current treatment guidelines based on studies predominantly conducted men, likely be overmedicated by default. The overmedicating generally increases when sex hormone levels high (e.g. during ovulation gestation), whereas doses may required low-hormonal phases menstruation menopause). For premenopausal women, exceptions quetiapine lurasidone, should lower largest adjustments olanzapine. Clinicians wary side-effects that particularly harmful such as hyperprolactinaemia can cause oestrogen deficiency metabolic symptoms cardiovascular diseases. Given protective effects course SSD, replacement therapy considered postmenopausal patients, who more vulnerable yet require dosages most efficacy. In conclusion, there need tailored, female-specific prescription guidelines, take account across different life.

Language: Английский

---