Role of Oxidative Stress in Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1462 - 1462

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is a principal feature observed in the brains neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s (AD). In these diseases, oxidative stress can disrupt blood–brain barrier (BBB). This disruption allows neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, pathogens to enter brain, leading increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation. Collectively, factors result protein modification, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and, ultimately, neural cell damage. this review article, we present mechanisms by which damage leads BBB breakdown brain diseases. Additionally, summarize potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing that contributes

Language: Английский

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Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 127 - 127

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Antioxidant defenses in biological systems ensure redox homeostasis, regulating baseline levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS RNS). Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by a lack antioxidant or an elevation ROS RNS, may cause modification biomolecules, being primarily absorbed proteins. As result both genome environment interactions, proteomics provides complete information about cell’s proteome, which changes continuously. Besides measuring protein expression levels, can also be used to identify modifications, localizations, the effects added agents, interactions between Several oxidative processes are frequently modify proteins post-translationally, including carbonylation, oxidation amino acid side chains, glycation, lipid peroxidation, produces highly alkenals. Reactive alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, cysteine (Cys), lysine (Lys), histidine (His) residues Michael addition, tyrosine (Tyr) nitrated Cys nitrosylated addition. nitrosative have been implicated many neurodegenerative diseases damage brain, especially vulnerable due large consumption dioxygen. Therefore, current methods applied for detection, identification, quantification great interest. This review describes main modifications classified chemical reactions. Finally, we discuss importance health describe analytical proteomics.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress: fundamentals and advances in quantification techniques

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Oxidative species, generated endogenously via metabolism or from exogenous sources, play crucial roles in the body. At low levels, these species support immune functions by participating phagocytosis. They also aid cellular signaling and contribute to vasomodulation. However, when levels of oxidative exceed body’s antioxidant capacity neutralize them, stress occurs. This can damage macromolecules such as lipids, DNA, RNA, proteins, driving pathogenesis diseases aging through progressive deterioration physiological structures. Therefore, ability manage maintain it at optimal is essential for overall health. Understanding fundamentals stress, along with its reliable quantification, enable consistency comparability clinical practice across various diseases. While direct quantification oxidant body would be ideal assessing not feasible due their high reactivity, short half-life, challenges using conventional techniques. Alternatively, quantifying lipid peroxidation, products nucleic acids well endogenous antioxidants, serves appropriate markers indicating degree Along markers, this review discusses role novel focusing on biological samples detection Effective may enhance understanding phenomenon, aiding maintenance integrity, prevention age-associated diseases, promotion longevity.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents: Insights Into Human Biology

American Journal of Human Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress (OS) is a key biological challenge and selective pressure for organisms with aerobic metabolism. The result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production antioxidant defense, OS can damage proteins, lipids, nucleic acids plays an important role in driving variation aging health. Among humans, research has focused overwhelmingly on adults, demonstrated connections OS, inflammation, metabolic neurodegenerative conditions. Relatively little attention been given to during childhood adolescence. This lack early life exists despite clear implications informing human history evolution, subadult development, lifelong Here, we review current knowledge subadulthood. Our objectives are threefold: (1) To highlight common methods measuring among children adolescents establish typical measurement values; (2) summarize evidence linking demographic ecological factors OS; (3) identify avenues future biology. underscores expanding methodological toolkit assessing adolescents. Subadult considerably elevated compared pattern eliciting unknown consequences likely related increased demands (e.g., unique brain development). Factors such as diet, physical activity, infectious disease, structural neglect also appear drive OS. Current limitations evident. Future work should emphasize evolutionary, biocultural, energetic course perspectives advance this promising area

Language: Английский

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Modifying pea protein by cold plasma for the development of functional vegan cheese

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 106017 - 106017

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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