The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 3211 - 3239

Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract Physical activity, including walking, has numerous health benefits in older adults, supported by a plethora of observational and interventional studies. Walking decreases the risk or severity various outcomes such as cardiovascular cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment dementia, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, longevity. Dose-response relationships for walking duration intensity are established adverse outcomes. Walking’s favorable effects on factors attributed to its impact circulatory, cardiopulmonary, immune function. Meeting current physical activity guidelines briskly 30 min per day 5 days can reduce several age-associated diseases. Additionally, low-intensity exercise, exerts anti-aging helps prevent age-related making it powerful tool promoting healthy aging. This is exemplified lifestyles individuals Blue Zones, regions world with highest concentration centenarians. other activities contribute significantly longevity these regions, being an integral part their daily lives. Thus, incorporating into routines encouraging walking-based interventions be effective strategy aging all populations. The goal this review provide overview vast consistent evidence supporting specific focus discuss outcomes, prevention Furthermore, will delve molecular cellular mechanisms aging, providing insights underlying biological through which beneficial effects.

Language: Английский

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Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 102894 - 102894

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

The present review summarizes the beneficial and detrimental roles of reactive oxygen species in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury cardioprotection. In first part, continued need for cardioprotection beyond that by rapid reperfusion acute infarction is emphasized. Then, pathomechanisms to myocardium coronary circulation different modes cell death are characterized. Different mechanical pharmacological interventions protect ischemic/reperfused elective percutaneous artery bypass grafting, cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy detailed. second part keeps focus on ROS providing a comprehensive overview molecular cellular mechanisms involved injury. Starting mitochondria as main sources targets myocardium, complex network extracellular processes discussed, including relationships with Ca2+ homeostasis, thiol group redox balance, hydrogen sulfide modulation, cross-talk NAPDH oxidases, exosomes, cytokines growth factors. While mechanistic insights needed improve our current therapeutic approaches, advancements knowledge ROS-mediated indicate facets oxidative stress opposed requirement physiological protective reactions. This inevitable contrast likely underlie unsuccessful clinical trials limits development novel cardioprotective simply based upon removal.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxic extracellular vesicles from hiPSCs protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage by transferring antioxidant proteins and enhancing Akt/Erk/NRF2 signaling

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 9, 2024

Abstract Background Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging class of therapeutics with excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and pro-regenerative capacity. One the potential targets for EV-based medicines cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this work we used EVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs; hiPS-EVs) cultured under different oxygen concentrations (21, 5 3% O 2 ) to dissect molecular mechanisms responsible cardioprotection. Methods were isolated by ultrafiltration combined size exclusion chromatography (UF + SEC), followed characterization nanoparticle tracking analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) Western blot methods. Liquid tandem mass spectrometry coupled bioinformatic analyses identify differentially enriched proteins in various conditions. We directly compared cardioprotective effects these oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model cardiomyocyte (CM) injury. Using advanced biology, fluorescence microscopy, spectroscopy bioinformatics techniques, investigated intracellular signaling pathways involved regulation cell survival, apoptosis antioxidant response. The direct effect on NRF2-regulated was evaluated CMs following NRF2 inhibition ML385. Results demonstrate that hiPS-EVs physiological hypoxia at 5% (EV-H5) exert enhanced cytoprotective function towards damaged other tested conditions (normoxia; EV-N ; EV-H3). This resulted higher phosphorylation rates Akt kinase recipient after transfer, modulation AMPK activity reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, provide evidence improved calcium sustained contractility treated EV-H5 using AFM measurements. Mechanistically, our revealed associated pathway regulated NRF2. regard, increased nuclear translocation protein its transcription upon OGD/R. contrast, ML385 abolished protective CMs. Conclusions work, a superior EV-H3. Such most effective restoring redox balance stressed CMs, preserving their contractile preventing death. Our data support use hypoxia, as cell-free regenerative properties treatment cardiac diseases.

Language: Английский

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From sweat to hope: The role of exercise‐induced extracellular vesicles in cancer prevention and treatment

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract The benefits of regular physical exercise on cancer prevention, as well reducing fatigue, treatment side effects and recurrence, improving quality life overall survival patients, are increasingly recognised. Initial studies showed that the concentration extracellular vesicles (EVs) increases during activity EVs carry biologically active cargo. These released by blood cells, skeletal muscle other organs involved in exercise, thus suggesting may mediate tissue crosstalk exercise. This possibility triggered a great interest study roles systemic adaptation to their potential applications prevention various diseases, including cancer. review presents exploring molecular cargo Furthermore, we discuss putative stimuli trigger EV release from cell types, biological functions impact exercise‐induced development progression. Understanding interplay between EVs, biology offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies preventive measures for

Language: Английский

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The impact of physical activity on promoter-specific methylation of genes involved in the redox-status and disease progression: A longitudinal study on post-surgery female breast cancer patients undergoing medical treatment

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 103033 - 103033

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Most anticancer treatments act on oxidative-stress pathways by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells, commonly resulting in consequential drug-induced systemic cytotoxicity. Physical activity (PA) has arisen as an integrative therapy, having positive health effects, including redox-homeostasis. Here, we investigated the impact of online supervised PA program promoter-specific DNA methylation, and corresponding gene expression/activity, 3 antioxidants- (SOD1, SOD2, CAT) breast (BC)-related genes (BRCA1, L3MBTL1 RASSF1A) a population-based sample women diagnosed with primary BC, undergoing medical treatment. We further examined mechanisms involved methylating demethylating pathways, predicted biological interactions exercise-modulated molecules, functional relevance modulated antioxidant markers parameters related aerobic capacity/endurance, physical fatigue quality life (QoL). maintained levels SOD blood plasma, at cellular level significantly increased SOD2 mRNA (≈+77 %), contrary their depletion due This change was inversely correlated methylation promoter (≈-20 %). Similarly, found significant effect only (≈-25 which its (≈+43 Finally, TET1 (≈+15 %) decreased expression DNMT3B (≈-28 Our results suggest that PA-modulated affects several signalling pathways/biological activities oxidative stress response, chromatin organization/regulation, DNA/protein binding. These changes may positively clinical outcomes improve response treatment post-surgery BC patients.

Language: Английский

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Exercise Alleviates Cardiovascular Diseases by Improving Mitochondrial Homeostasis

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity contributes to delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, physiological mechanisms underlying benefits or CVDs remain unclear. The disruption mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated pathological process CVDs. Exercise training effectively delays progression by significantly ameliorating homeostasis. This includes improving biogenesis, increasing fusion, decreasing fission, promoting mitophagy, mitigating morphology function. review provides a comprehensive overview context CVDs, establishing connection between these conditions. Through detailed examination molecular within mitochondria, study illuminates how can provide innovative perspectives for future therapies

Language: Английский

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Health benefits of physical activity: What role does skeletal muscle-organ crosstalk play?

Sports Medicine and Health Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in mood disorders: A systematic review of human studies

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 59 - 75

Published: March 9, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound particles that naturally released by nearly all cell types in the body. They serve as molecular biosignatures, reflecting state of their cells origin and providing a non-invasive peripheral marker central nervous system (CNS) activity under physiological pathological conditions. We conducted systematic review (ID: CRD42024528824) studies investigating use EVs mood disorders within clinical populations. screened articles indexed PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web Science, APA PsycInfo from January 2010 to October 2024. Available research has focused on four key areas: (1) EV cargo mechanistic diagnostic biomarkers; (2) predictive or tracking biomarkers for antidepressant response; (3) neuroimaging correlates; (4) physical properties. Most examined major depressive disorder (MDD), with others addressing bipolar (BD), adolescent depression, postpartum late-life depression. Notably, only 35,55 % utilized brain-derived EVs. Through analyses EV-derived miRNA, proteins, mtDNA, metabolites, these have explored neural mitochondrial function, brain insulin resistance, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability context disorders. Some markers demonstrated potential. This discusses findings, limitations current research, future directions leveraging study

Language: Английский

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Nature’s carriers: leveraging extracellular vesicles for targeted drug delivery

Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: June 4, 2024

With the rapid development of drug delivery systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising stars for improving targeting abilities and realizing effective delivery. Numerous studies shown when compared to conventional strategies in targeted (TDD), EVs-based several distinguished advantages besides targeting, such participating cell-to-cell communications immune response, showing high biocompatibility stability, penetrating through biological barriers, etc. In this review, we mainly focus on mass production EVs including challenges scaling up a cost-effective reproducible manner, loading active methods, examples vehicles TDD consideration potential safety regulatory issues associated. We also conclude discuss rigor reproducibility production, current research status application delivery, clinical conversion prospects, existing chances challenges.

Language: Английский

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Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease and treatment – from maintaining homeostasis to targeted drug delivery

Current Opinion in Hematology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major global health burden. Rising incidences necessitate improved understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying progression to foster development novel therapeutic strategies. Besides their well recognized role in CVD, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) mediate inter-organ cross talk and contribute various inflammatory diseases.

Language: Английский

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