The
development
of
non-noble-metal
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER)
electrocatalysts
stable
in
acid
to
replace
rare
and
expensive
iridium
catalysts
is
crucial
yet
challenging
for
the
large-scale
application
proton
exchange
membrane
(PEM)
water
electrolysis
technology.
Here,
we
show
that
increasing
Pr
(pyrolusite
ratio)
γ-MnO2
from
73%
84%
results
about
10
times
longer
durability
at
a
high
working
current
density
100
mA
cm–2
1
M
H2SO4
more
than
1000
h.
Dramatic
stability
enhancement
due
inhibition
lattice
Mn
or
O
dissolution
by
leveraging
formation
corner-shared
pyrolusite
MnO6
octahedra
with
higher
oxidation
state
Mn,
fewer
defects,
shorter
Mn–O
bond
distance,
an
increase
mono-oxo-bridged
Mn–O–Mn
octahedra,
decrease
di-oxo-bridged
Mn–O2–Mn
ramsdellite
Mn–Mn
tension.
Because
polymorph
materials
like
are
quite
common
nature,
phase
composition
turning
may
serve
as
effective
strategy
OER
acidic
environments.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 990 - 990
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
Countries
worldwide
are
focusing
on
energy
efficiency,
economic
sustainability,
and
responsible
resource
management
to
address
climate
change
meet
sustainable
development
goals
(SDGs).
This
study
investigates
how
factors
such
as
artificial
intelligence,
renewable
energy,
green
human
capital,
geopolitical
risk,
natural
rent,
information
communication
technology
influenced
CO2
emissions
in
36
countries
between
2000
2021.
The
also
explores
institutional
quality
moderates
these
relationships.
We
employed
advanced
econometric
techniques
this
gap,
including
panel-correlated
standard
errors
(PCSE)
the
Driscoll–Kraay
estimations
(DKSE)
models.
A
two-step
system
GMM
approach
was
used
strengthen
robustness
of
our
findings.
findings
reveal
that
consumption,
can
significantly
reduce
emissions.
Conversely,
contribute
increased
Institutional
enhances
positive
impact
capital
emission
reduction.
However,
it
has
opposite
effect
leading
an
even
greater
increase
These
underscore
importance
policies
achieving
goals.
recommend
policymakers
prioritize
investing
clean
while
strengthening
effectively
mitigate
carbon
SDGs.
They
regulate
AI
ICT
footprints
risks
through
diversification
international
cooperation.
