Energies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(9), P. 3948 - 3948
Published: May 8, 2023
During
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
more
than
24
billion
pieces
of
surgical
mask
waste
(WM)
were
generated
in
EU
region,
with
an
acute
shortage
their
management
and
recycling.
Pyrolysis
gasification
are
among
most
promising
treatments
that
proposed
to
dispose
WMs
convert
them
into
pyrolysis
oil
hydrogen-rich
syngas.
This
work
aimed
investigate
techno-economic
analysis
(TEA)
both
order
assess
feasibility
scaling
up.
The
TEA
was
carried
out
using
a
discounted
cash
flow
model
its
data
collected
from
practical
experiments
conducted
fluidised
bed
reactor
bubbling
gasifier
system
capacity
0.2
kg/h
1
kg/h,
respectively,
then
upscaling
one
tonne/h.
technological
evaluation
made
based
on
optimal
conditions
could
produce
maximum
amount
(42.3%)
syngas
(89.7%).
These
also
compared
incineration
as
commercial
solution.
payback,
simple
net
present
value
(NPV),
production
cost,
internal
rate
return
(IRR)
main
indicators
used
economic
analysis.
Sensitivity
performed
SimLab
software
help
Monte
Carlo
simulations.
results
showed
cost
variables
estimated
at
45.4
EUR/t
(gate
fee),
71.7
EUR/MWh
(electricity),
30.5
(heat),
356
(oil),
221
(gaseous),
237
(char),
257
(syngas).
Meanwhile,
IRR
(12.51%)
(7.56%)
have
better
performance,
while
can
less
revenue
(1.73%).
Based
results,
it
is
highly
recommended
use
process
treat
WMs,
yielding
higher
revenue.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(3), P. 1141 - 1141
Published: Jan. 20, 2023
Hydrogen
is
emerging
as
a
new
energy
vector
outside
of
its
traditional
role
and
gaining
more
recognition
internationally
viable
fuel
route.
This
review
paper
offers
crisp
analysis
the
most
recent
developments
in
hydrogen
production
techniques
using
conventional
renewable
sources,
addition
to
key
challenges
Hydrogen.
Among
potential
sources
for
are
solar
wind.
The
H2
from
derived
agricultural
or
other
waste
streams
increases
flexibility
improves
economics
distributed
semi-centralized
reforming
with
little
no
net
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Water
electrolysis
equipment
driven
by
off-grid
wind
can
also
be
employed
remote
areas
that
away
grid.
Each
manufacturing
technique
has
technological
challenges.
These
include
feedstock
type,
conversion
efficiency,
need
safe
integration
systems
purification
storage
technologies.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(4), P. 2601 - 2629
Published: Jan. 28, 2024
Hydrogen
holds
immense
potential
as
a
sustainable
energy
source
result
of
its
eco-friendliness
and
high
density.
Thus,
hydrogen
can
solve
the
environmental
challenges.
However,
it
is
crucial
to
produce
using
approaches
in
cost-efficient
manner.
Currently,
be
produced
by
utilizing
diverse
feedstocks,
such
natural
gas,
methane,
ammonia,
smaller
organic
molecules
(methanol,
ethanol,
glycerol,
formic
acid),
biomass,
water.
These
feedstocks
undergo
conversion
into
through
different
catalytic
processes,
including
steam
reforming,
pyrolysis,
decomposition,
gasification,
electrolysis,
photo-assisted
methods
(photoelectrochemical,
photocatalysis,
biophotolysis).
Researchers
have
extensively
explored
various
catalysts,
metals,
alloys,
oxides,
non-oxides,
carbon-based
materials,
metal–organic
frameworks,
for
these
methods.
The
primary
objectives
been
attain
higher
activity,
selectivity,
stability,
cost
effectiveness
generation.
efficacy
processes
significantly
dependent
upon
performance
emphasizing
need
further
research
development
create
more
efficient
catalysts.
during
production,
gases
like
CO2,
O2,
CO,
N2,
etc.
are
alongside
hydrogen.
Separation
techniques,
pressure
swing
adsorption,
metal
hydride
separation,
membrane
employed
obtain
high-purity
Furthermore,
techno-economic
analysis
indicates
that
production
reforming
gas/methane
currently
viable
commercially
successful.
Photovoltaic
electrolysis
has
commercialized,
but
still
higher.
Meanwhile,
other
phase
hold
future
commercialization.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Lignocellulose,
an
abundant
renewable
resource,
presents
a
promising
alternative
for
sustainable
energy
and
industrial
applications.
However,
large-scale
adoption
of
lignocellulosic
feedstocks
faces
considerable
obstacles,
including
scalability,
bioprocessing
efficiency,
resilience
to
climate
change.
This
Review
examines
current
efforts
future
opportunities
leveraging
in
bio-based
products,
with
focus
on
enhancing
conversion
efficiency
scalability.
It
also
explores
emerging
biotechnologies
such
as
CRISPR-based
genome
editing
informed
by
machine
learning,
aimed
at
improving
feedstock
traits
reducing
the
environmental
impact
fossil
fuel
dependence.
Lignocellulose
is
produce
bioenergy
biomaterials.
Here,
authors
review
efforts,
feedstock-based
biomaterials
production
provide
outlook
traits.
Abstract
Waste
plastic
gasification
for
hydrogen
production
combined
with
carbon
capture
and
storage
is
one
technology
option
to
address
the
waste
challenge.
Here,
we
conducted
a
techno-economic
analysis
life
cycle
assessment
assess
this
option.
The
minimum
selling
price
of
2000
oven-dry
metric
ton/day
mixed
plant
US$2.26–2.94
kg
−1
hydrogen,
which
can
compete
fossil
fuel
(US$1.21–2.62
hydrogen)
current
electrolysis
(US$3.20–7.70
hydrogen).
An
improvement
outlines
roadmap
reducing
average
from
US$2.60
US$1.46
be
further
lowered
US$1.06
if
credits
are
close
costs
along
low
feedstock
cost.
results
show
that
derived
has
lower
environmental
impacts
than
single-stream
plastics.
