Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. e23620 - e23620
Published: Dec. 13, 2023
The
use
of
post-consumer
recycled
(PCR)
polymers
in
food
contact
materials
(FCMs)
can
facilitate
achieving
a
circular
economy
by
reducing
environmental
waste
and
landfill
accumulation.
This
study
aimed
to
identify
potentially
harmful
substances,
including
non-intentionally
added
substances
(NIAS)
unapproved
intentionally
(IAS),
polyolefin
samples
from
material
recovery
facilities
using
gas-chromatography
mass-spectrometry.
Selected
phthalates
bisphenols
were
quantified
targeted
tandem
analysis
detected
9
compounds
virgin
52
different
alcohols,
hydrocarbons,
phenols
aromatic,
phthalates,
organic
acids,
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
(PFAS)
PCR
polymers.
Cramer
classification
system
was
used
assesses
the
Threshold
Toxicological
Concern
associated
with
compounds.
sample
showed
slightly
higher
proportion
Class
III
(48.08
%)
than
(44.44
%),
indicating
toxicity
potential.
Quantification
only
BPA
(2.88
±
0.53
μg/g),
BPS
(5.12
0.003
BPF
(3.42
0.01
BADGE
(4.638
μg/g).
Phthalate
concentrations
samples,
highest
levels
as
DIDP,
at
6.18
0.31
μg/g
for
6.04
0.02
virgin.
provides
critical
understanding
safety
potential
risks
polyolefins
sources
applications.
Green Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(12), P. 7067 - 7090
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
work
reports
the
analysis
of
59
commercially
available
polymers
from
20
different
polymer
classes
for
thermal
properties,
macrostructure,
molecular
mass
distribution,
and
inorganic
organic
additives,
highlighting
need
to
characterize
research
prior
recycling
studies.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(12), P. 1670 - 1670
Published: June 12, 2024
Conversion
of
chemical
feedstocks
derived
from
fossil
fuels
to
virgin
polymer,
manufacturing
plastics
in
coal-dependent
economies,
and
increasing
consumption
polymers
for
packaging
contribute
significantly
environmental
issues
the
challenges
we
face.
Nowadays,
promoting
sustainable
development
has
become
consensus
more
countries.
Among
them,
recycling
multilayer
is
a
huge
challenge.
Due
complexity
its
structure
materials,
as
well
limitations
existing
frameworks,
currently,
cannot
be
commercially
recycled
thus
resulting
series
circular
economy
challenges.
It
undeniable
that
offers
many
positive
effects
on
products
consumers,
so
banning
use
such
would
unwise
unrealistic.
Developing
appropriate
processes
recycle
most
feasible
strategy.
In
recent
years,
there
have
been
some
studies
devoted
process
packaging.
Many
being
developed
involve
solvents.
Based
products,
categorised
these
solvent-based
recycling,
including
physical
dissolution
depolymerisation.
dissolution,
are
mainly
two
approaches
named
delamination
selective
dissolution-precipitation.
Focusing
processes,
this
paper
reviews
solvents
used
last
20
years
waste
gives
summary
their
advantages
disadvantages
terms
cost,
product
quality,
ease
processing,
impact.
research,
one
could
conclude
methods
potential
commercialised
part
standard
polymer-based
The
combined
multiple
breakthrough
achieving
unified
with
different
components.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 4619 - 4630
Published: March 4, 2024
Solvent-based
recycling
of
plastic
waste
is
a
promising
approach
for
cleaning
polymer
chains
without
breaking
them.
However,
the
time
required
to
actually
dissolve
in
lab
environment
can
take
hours.
Different
factors
play
role
dissolution,
including
temperature,
turbulence,
and
solvent
properties.
This
work
provides
insights
into
bottlenecks
opportunities
increase
dissolution
rate
polystyrene
solvents.
The
paper
starts
with
broad
screening
which
times
are
compared.
Based
on
experimental
results,
multiple
regression
model
constructed,
shows
that
within
several
properties,
viscosity
major
contributor
time,
followed
by
hydrogen,
polar,
dispersion
bonding
(solubility)
parameters.
These
results
also
indicate
cyclohexene,
2-pentanone,
ethylbenzene,
methyl
ethyl
ketone
solvents
allow
fast
dissolution.
Next,
kinetics
cyclohexene
lab-scale
reactor
baffled
investigated.
effects
particle
size,
impeller
speed,
type
were
studied.
show
increased
turbulence
decrease
from
40
7
min
compared
reactor,
indicating
importance
proper
design.
application
first-order
kinetic
confirms
at
least
5-fold
faster
than
reactor.
Finally,
real
sample
reveal
that,
optimized
conditions,
full
occurs
after
5
min.
ACS Materials Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(9), P. 4042 - 4050
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
The
solvent-targeted
recovery
and
precipitation
(STRAP)
process
separates
recovers
the
constituent
resins
in
multilayer
plastic
packaging
films
by
selective
polymer
dissolution.
In
this
work,
three
different
experimental
methods
were
considered
to
recover
a
polyethylene
(PE)
resin
from
printed
film
STRAP.
consisted
of
(1)
filter
bag
system,
(2)
Soxhlet
extraction,
(3)
jacketed
dissolution
vessel.
Cast
produced
with
PE
recovered
each
method
analyzed
for
color,
mechanical
properties,
number
impurities.
High-quality
recycled
cast
can
be
increasing
solvent
ratio,
including
pore
size
100
μm,
optimizing
temperature
control
This
study
demonstrates
that
STRAP
polymers
back
into
films,
enabling
potential
circularity
these
materials.
Abstract
Plastics
are
widely
used
across
various
sectors,
with
polyolefins
such
as
polypropylene
(PP)
and
polyethylene
(PE)
making
up
a
significant
portion
of
global
consumption.
These
materials
produced
through
olefin
polymerization
using
diverse
technologies,
their
properties
tailored
to
meet
the
needs
different
industries.
Despite
benefits,
plastics
often
criticized
for
environmental
impact
due
improper
waste
management,
leading
littering
on
land
in
oceans.
Therefore,
an
intelligent
sustainable
management
system
is
essential
transform
plastic
into
valuable
resources
prevent
pollution.This
review
article
focuses
production
value-added
products
recycling
techniques,
particularly
chemical
polyolefins.
Current
technologies
lack
integration
advanced
tools
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
machine
learning
(ML),
which
necessary
modernizing
these
processes.
Implementing
AI
ML
existing
presents
challenge
but
crucial
advancing
methods.
The
objective
this
highlight
current
polyolefin
address
concerns
from
waste,
explore
techniques
novel
processes
ensure
circular
economy
framework
value
chain.
